辛亥革命１００年 「民主化いまだ成らず」の中国

先日、朝日新聞に掲載された社説と好対照ですね。
読売のは英文も専門用語も平易ですが、朝日のは専門用語が難しかったです。
読み比べて比較するのもよい学習になりますね。
（スラチャイ）

The Yomiuri Shimbun (Oct. 14, 2011)
100 years on, China far from democracy
辛亥革命１００年　「民主化いまだ成らず」の中国（10月13日付・読売社説）

This year is the 100th anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution, led by Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries, which overthrew the Qing dynasty's imperial rule in China in 1911.
　孫文らが主導し、清朝を打倒した辛亥革命から１００年を迎えた。

At an official event commemorating the centennial in Beijing on Sunday, Chinese President Hu Jintao said the Communist Party is "the most faithful successor" to the spirit of the Xinhai Revolution.
　中国の胡錦濤国家主席は、革命１００周年記念大会で演説し、共産党を革命の「最も忠実な継承者」と位置づけた。

His remark was probably meant to argue the legitimacy of the Communist Party, which in 1949 overthrew the Nationalist government after a civil war and built a new China on the mainland, forcing the Nationalists to flee to Taiwan.
国民党との内戦を制し新中国を建国した共産党の正統性を訴える狙いがあるのだろう。

Hu then called on Taiwan to work toward reunification, urging China and Taiwan to "heal the wounds of the past and work together to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation."
　その上で胡主席は「中華民族の偉大な復興を実現するため共に努力しよう」と、台湾に統一を呼びかけた。

By emphasizing "the Chinese nation," which links China and Taiwan together, Hu apparently intended to heighten momentum toward reunification.
中台を一つに結ぶ「中華民族」を前面に掲げることで統一機運を盛り上げる思惑がある。

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3 fundamental principles

Sun, whose original name was Sun Wen, advocated "the Three Principles of the People: nationalism, democracy and the people's livelihood."
　孫文は「三民（民族、民権、民生）主義」を掲げた。

Regarding nationalism, Sun aimed to guarantee people's political rights, including the right to vote, establish parliamentary democracy and ensure the separation of administrative, legislative and judicial powers.
その一つである「民権主義」では、選挙権などの政治的権利を国民に保障し、議会制民主主義を定着させ、行政、立法、司法などの権力分立を確立することを目指していた。

Yet the reality is that 100 years after the revolution, Chinese society is far from realizing the ideal of democracy.
　しかし、１００年たってなお、この「民権主義」の理想の実現にほど遠いのが中国の実情だ。

For instance, it has been a year since the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Liu Xiaobo, a pro-democracy activist in prison on charges of calling for the end of communist one-party rule, but China's treatment of him has not improved.
　たとえば、一党独裁廃止などを求めたことが罪に問われて服役中の民主活動家、劉暁波氏は、ノーベル平和賞の受賞から約１年後の今も、処遇は改善されないでいる。

Even his wife has effectively been placed under house arrest.
妻ですら事実上の自宅軟禁状態に置かれているのは問題だ。

If the Communist regime regards itself as the successor to the revolution, it has to advance further toward democracy and political reform.
　共産党政権が革命の継承者を自任するのなら、もっと民主化や政治改革に踏み出す必要がある。

With regard to people's livelihoods, Sun sought to narrow economic inequalities, but the Communist regime has brought about new inequalities in the shadow of high economic growth, namely a disparity in wealth and assets.
　孫文が経済的な不平等の改善を目指した「民生主義」でも、共産党政権は高成長の裏で、富の格差という新たな不均衡を招いた。

Popular uprisings stemming from people's resentment against official corruption and social injustice have occurred frequently in various parts of the country, illustrating the strains in China's society.
　汚職や不公正に反発して各地で多発する民衆暴動は、社会のひずみの表れにほかならない。

The recent series of major accidents, including those involving high-speed train and subway systems, have apparently stemmed from the administration's making light of safety while prioritizing economic growth.
高速鉄道や地下鉄などの大型事故が相次いでいるのも、経済成長優先で安全性を軽視したことが原因だ。

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Dangerous nationalism

Nationalism was a driving force for the founding of a new China, and gave rise to extreme anti-Japan movements fueled by a nationalistic education under the Communist regime.
　新中国建国の原動力となった「民族主義」は、共産党政権の愛国主義教育によって過激な反日行動を生んだ。

Japan needs to continue paying close attention to this trend.
その動向を日本は引き続き注視する必要がある。

Overheated nationalism and China's military buildup pose a threat to neighboring countries.
民族主義の過熱は軍拡と相まって周辺国に脅威を与えている。

On the other hand, Ma Ying-jeou, the president of Taiwan's Nationalist Party, said in his speech at the ceremony to celebrate the centennial of the Republic of China, "The aspiration of our founding father Sun Yat-sen to establish a free, democratic nation with equitable distribution of wealth has been completely realized in Taiwan."
　一方、台湾では、国民党の馬英九総統が、「中華民国建国１００年」の式典で、「孫文が理想とした、自由で民主的で国民が等しく富める国家の建設は、台湾で完全に実現された」と演説した。

To China's call for reunification, Ma urged China to embrace more democracy, apparently because he has strong confidence in Taiwan's having realized the Three Principles of the People.
　中国側の統一の呼びかけに対しては、逆に、民主化を中国に促した。三民主義を実践したとの強い自負があるからだろう。

The Xinhai Revolution, in which many Japanese were involved and extended their support, is a bond that links Japan with China and Taiwan.
　多くの日本人がかかわって支援した辛亥革命は、日本と中国、台湾を結ぶ絆でもある。

These historic developments led to the current bilateral relations between Japan and China and those between Japan and Taiwan.
その歴史的経緯を抜きに、今日の日中、日台関係を考えることはできない。

(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Oct. 13, 2011)
（2011年10月13日01時11分 読売新聞）