度重なるアフィリエイト掲載費の不払いに業をにやしたスラチャイはぶち切れてしまって、ブログのサイドカラムに悪質クレジットカード現金化会社リストを掲載しました。
悪質クレジットカード現金化会社
http://www4.atword.jp/srachai/
広告掲載料未済会社
スマイルキャッシュ
ミリオンキャッシュ
前回、前々回も！アフィリエイトは契約に基づく労働です。労働対価が支払われないと、アフィリエイターは大困惑します（怒）。下記の二社はアフィリエイターとしてとうてい許し難い存在です。
↓
広告掲載料未払い詳細
http://geocities.yahoo.co.jp/gl/srachai2000/view/20110408/1302263182
しばらくしてから突然ＡＳＰ（アフィリエイト仲介会社）より解雇宣告を受けました。
スラチャイは下記の禁止行為、違法行為はまったくやっていません。
客先（スマイルキャッシュとミリオンキャッシュ）を糾弾する掲載がとがめられたのでしょう。
仕事をさせて金を払わない奴らが正義で、お客様は神様。
とんでもない悪質な業者たちですが、ＡＳＰはこんな奴らをかばいました。
アフィリエイト契約はどの会社のものを読んでもだいたい同じです。
アフィリエイター側が圧倒的に不利益をこうむる、いわば片務契約なのです。
で、４月分の出来高１万円あまりですが、不払いにされてしまいました。（詐欺行為です）
ＡＳＰには問題の本質を改善して欲しいと思いました。
こんなやり方をしていたらまじめにアフィリエイトをやる人はいなくなってしまいます。
それでＡＳＰ会社自体の首を絞めることにつながる。
同様の被害にあわれた方は多いのではないでしょうか。
以下、ＡＳＰよりの解雇通告書です。（原文のまま）
解雇通告書に解雇者の氏名がないのはまったくふざけている。（名をなのれ！）
解雇理由がまったく記されていない。
最後には法的措置で脅しにかかる。
むちゃくちゃだ！（怒り）
松井 清 様
【BannerBridge】にて貴方様の運営・利用内容に
パートナーサイト利用規約違反があると判断させて頂きました。
従って、パートナーサイト利用規約に基づき会員を解除させて頂きます。
既に確定分のお支払いも一切拒否させて頂きます。
第１６条（禁止行為）
アフィリエイト会員は以下に定める禁止行為を行ってはならない。
（１）広告素材およびリンクコード改変
広告主会員から提供されたリンク（広告素材（バナー画像やテキスト文言）及び
そのリンクコードを含む）を広告主会員に無断で改変すること。
広告コードの一部のみを使用すること。
（２）成功報酬行為の依頼
広告主のWEBサイトの紹介・広告とは無関係に、もっぱら報酬獲得のため、
ビジターにクリックすることを強要・嘆願・依頼すること、及びビジターに
誤解を与えるような言葉を記述すること。
リードメールやトラフィックエクスチェンジ等へ広告を掲載すること。
（３）虚偽行為
ページに掲載した広告より自らあるいは第三者がコミッション費を得るため、
成功報酬対象となる行為が発生したかのように装うなど、不正な行為を行う
こと、その他、広告目的及び当サービスの趣旨を外れたクリックや注文、
登録が発生した場合等、不当に成功報酬を得るとみなされるいかなる行為に
対して、成功報酬費の支払いを拒否する権利を有し、アフィリエイト会員登録
を取り消すことができるものとする。
第１７条（契約の強制終了及び成功報酬没収）
当社は、下記の理由により、何らの催告なくして本契約を終了させることが
できるものとする。
(2)アフィリエイト会員が違法行為を行っている場合
(3)アフィリエイト会員が禁止行為を行っている場合
前項記載の理由により契約が強制終了になった場合、当社は当該アフィリエイト
会員について生じた成功報酬を没収し、支払いを一切拒否できるものとし、
また既に支払った成功報酬についても返還請求できるものとする。
第１９条（資格）
1.アフィリエイト会員としての資格は以下の通りとする
(1)以下のサイトを運営していないこと
ａ)暴力、虐待を推奨するサイト、人種差別を推奨するサイト、
それ以外の法律に違反するサイト及びネットワークが公序良俗に反するサイト
ｂ)違法な活動をしているもしくは奨励しているサイト
（ねずみ講、マルチ商法等の違法な事業を行っている場合を含む）
ｃ)他人の名誉を侵害したり、特定の個人や団体を誹謗中傷する記述
（弊社の名誉を侵害ないし誹謗中傷する場合も含む）を含むサイト
ｄ)著作権等の知的財産権、肖像権等の人格権その他法律上の権利ないし
保護に値する権利を侵害するか、あるいは関連する法規に違反する内容を
有するサイト
ｅ)内容が不明ないし乏しい、概観が異様であるウェブサイト
ｆ)広告主会員とアフィリエイト会員との間で合意された事項に反する行為を
行ったと当社の判断により認められるサイト
ｇ)虚偽のサイトのＵＲＬ（第三者のＵＲＬを使用する場合を含む）により
登録したサイト
ｈ)パスワードなどによりロックされ、当社及び広告主会員が随時、
無償にてアクセスすることを許可されていないコンテンツを含むサイト
ⅰ)広告主会員の広告を掲載するためのページを有さないサイト
ｊ)その他、当社がアフィリエイト会員としてふさわしくないと判断するサイト
尚、本日を持ちまして、契約を終了させて頂きます。
掲載されている広告素材は、速やかにお取り外し頂きますようお願いします。
また、内容、及び、今後の対応如何により法的措置を検討させて頂く場合が
ございますことをご了承下さい。
テレコムクレジット株式会社
2011/04/30
震災後 慰霊こそ防災の核心だ
(Mainichi Japan) April 29, 2011
社説：視点・震災後 慰霊こそ防災の核心だ
A March 11 memorial, with a human touch, may prevent future disasters
It was impossible to hold back tears upon reading an article in the Mainichi some two weeks after the massive March 11 earthquake about a 10-year-old girl at an evacuation shelter.
巨大地震の発生から約２週間後、小紙に掲載された写真と記事に涙を禁じえなかった。
It was accompanied by a photo of the girl with a bright grin as she played with friends.
避難所の小学校で１０歳の少女が友達と遊んでいる。彼女は白い歯を見せて笑っている。
According to the article, the tsunami had swallowed up her mother and unborn sister, and her father was still missing. She cried and cried on the day of her mother's burial but hadn't shed a tear since, the girl's grandmother said.
だが、母と胎内に宿っていた妹が津波にのまれ、父も安否不明なのだ。母の埋葬の日に思い切り泣き、その後は涙を見せていないと祖母が語る。
The forced smile on the girl's face was a painful sight to behold.
無理に作った少女の笑顔が痛々しい。
That was just one child and her experience.
これは一例に過ぎない。
There are many more stories of life and death like hers.
心に突き刺さる生と死の物語が、あまりにも多く残された。
Over 20,000 are dead or missing from the disaster.
一口に「２万数千人の死者・行方不明者」と言う。
"Over 20,000" may be just a number, but each one of that over 20,000 represents a human life, each with their own families and dreams.
その一人一人に生活があり、家族があり希望があった。
Naturally, supporting and rebuilding the lives of those who survived is a pressing need. But isn't it the act of sharing those things people left undone when their lives were cut short, and continuing to mourn those people and their losses, that's really going to help us prevent such a tragedy from happening again?
幸運にも生き永らえた被災者への支援と復興事業が急務だが、帰らぬ犠牲者の無念も伝え、悼み続けてこそ、同じ悲劇を繰り返さずにすむのではないか。
Isn't it remembering the victims that will push us become better prepared for disasters in this island nation?
この列島に防災の知恵と心構えを広く定着させる力にもなるのではないか。
I want to make a proposal, knowing full well that some will say that it's too early.
時期尚早を承知で提言してみたい。
I want us to build a memorial with the names of all those who were lost in the disaster, putting it on a hill that overlooks the destruction along Japan's northeastern coast.
大津波に襲われた沿岸を見下ろす高台に、いつか犠牲者全員の名前を刻んだ慰霊碑を建立する。
Considering how many names there would be, the memorial could be composed of multiple components, or it could be one long monument.
刻まれる名前の多さを考えれば、慰霊碑は壁状のものを何個も並べたり、長く連結させる形式になるかもしれない。
I've envisioned a memorial like the Heiwa no ishiji -- known in English as the Cornerstone of Peace -- in Okinawa, which commemorates both civilians and military members who died in the Battle of Okinawa during World War II, or the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington D.C., which honors U.S. soldiers who lost their lives during the Vietnam War.
沖縄の「平和の礎（いしじ）」や米ワシントンにある「ベトナム戦争戦没者慰霊碑」のイメージだ。
The names of people lost in the earthquake and tsunami could be organized by where they lived and who their families and relatives were.
名前は居住地域、家族、親族といった区分でまとめる。
A museum could be built nearby with a directory of all those were memorialized, where visitors could easily find out where on the monument particular names were inscribed.
近くに設ける資料館に名簿を備え、それを見れば慰霊碑のどの部分に誰の名前があるか、容易に探せるようにする。
That would help for people wanting to leave offerings such as flowers at particular names.
これで参拝者は、特定の縁者に花束などを手向けることもできる。
The museum could display video footage and photos of damage done to the region, as well as, with loved ones' permission, personal items that belonged to the deceased.
資料館には被害の実態を示す映像や写真、関係者の承諾を得た遺留品などを十分に所蔵、展示する。
The facility would fulfill a role similar to that of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum and the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum.
広島平和記念資料館や長崎原爆資料館のような役割を果たすことになるだろう。
In addition, to the extent that it is possible, the stories of individuals, where and how they met their tragic ends, under what circumstances they were last sighted by survivors, what their hopes and dreams were -- again with the permission and understanding of their loved ones -- as well as accounts of survivors' searches for their families could be exhibited.
そして可能な範囲で、だれがどこで、どんな最期を迎えたのか、その人を生存者が最後に目撃した時の状況はどうだったのか、難を逃れた人々が家族をどのように捜し、あるいは捜せなかったのか、犠牲者はどういう人で、夢は何だったのか、そんな記録も関係者の理解を前提に、備えてはどうだろうか。
The memorial doesn't have to take the exact shape that I've suggested, and multiple memorials could be built in a number of locations.
この提言通りにならなくても構わない。慰霊碑が複数の場所に分かれて建立されてもよい。
But I think it's important that any memorials that are built for this disaster be solemn settings where anyone can go to remember the dead and recommit ourselves to action against future tragedies.
ただ、そこに行けば誰であれ粛然とし、犠牲者を悼み、防災の努力を誓わざるをえないような雰囲気は不可欠だと思う。
The most important thing is that we do not let the story of the disaster seem removed and unreal, but instead keep it in our hearts and minds as a current lesson to live by.
何より重要なのは、この大震災の経験を決して「昔話」にせず、生きている教訓として守り続けることだ。
That is where the real meaning of mourning the dead can be found. (By Tetsuo Nakajima, Editorial Writer)
国民的な慰霊の意味は、それに尽きる。
毎日新聞 2011年4月28日 2時30分
社説：視点・震災後 慰霊こそ防災の核心だ
A March 11 memorial, with a human touch, may prevent future disasters
It was impossible to hold back tears upon reading an article in the Mainichi some two weeks after the massive March 11 earthquake about a 10-year-old girl at an evacuation shelter.
巨大地震の発生から約２週間後、小紙に掲載された写真と記事に涙を禁じえなかった。
It was accompanied by a photo of the girl with a bright grin as she played with friends.
避難所の小学校で１０歳の少女が友達と遊んでいる。彼女は白い歯を見せて笑っている。
According to the article, the tsunami had swallowed up her mother and unborn sister, and her father was still missing. She cried and cried on the day of her mother's burial but hadn't shed a tear since, the girl's grandmother said.
だが、母と胎内に宿っていた妹が津波にのまれ、父も安否不明なのだ。母の埋葬の日に思い切り泣き、その後は涙を見せていないと祖母が語る。
The forced smile on the girl's face was a painful sight to behold.
無理に作った少女の笑顔が痛々しい。
That was just one child and her experience.
これは一例に過ぎない。
There are many more stories of life and death like hers.
心に突き刺さる生と死の物語が、あまりにも多く残された。
Over 20,000 are dead or missing from the disaster.
一口に「２万数千人の死者・行方不明者」と言う。
"Over 20,000" may be just a number, but each one of that over 20,000 represents a human life, each with their own families and dreams.
その一人一人に生活があり、家族があり希望があった。
Naturally, supporting and rebuilding the lives of those who survived is a pressing need. But isn't it the act of sharing those things people left undone when their lives were cut short, and continuing to mourn those people and their losses, that's really going to help us prevent such a tragedy from happening again?
幸運にも生き永らえた被災者への支援と復興事業が急務だが、帰らぬ犠牲者の無念も伝え、悼み続けてこそ、同じ悲劇を繰り返さずにすむのではないか。
Isn't it remembering the victims that will push us become better prepared for disasters in this island nation?
この列島に防災の知恵と心構えを広く定着させる力にもなるのではないか。
I want to make a proposal, knowing full well that some will say that it's too early.
時期尚早を承知で提言してみたい。
I want us to build a memorial with the names of all those who were lost in the disaster, putting it on a hill that overlooks the destruction along Japan's northeastern coast.
大津波に襲われた沿岸を見下ろす高台に、いつか犠牲者全員の名前を刻んだ慰霊碑を建立する。
Considering how many names there would be, the memorial could be composed of multiple components, or it could be one long monument.
刻まれる名前の多さを考えれば、慰霊碑は壁状のものを何個も並べたり、長く連結させる形式になるかもしれない。
I've envisioned a memorial like the Heiwa no ishiji -- known in English as the Cornerstone of Peace -- in Okinawa, which commemorates both civilians and military members who died in the Battle of Okinawa during World War II, or the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington D.C., which honors U.S. soldiers who lost their lives during the Vietnam War.
沖縄の「平和の礎（いしじ）」や米ワシントンにある「ベトナム戦争戦没者慰霊碑」のイメージだ。
The names of people lost in the earthquake and tsunami could be organized by where they lived and who their families and relatives were.
名前は居住地域、家族、親族といった区分でまとめる。
A museum could be built nearby with a directory of all those were memorialized, where visitors could easily find out where on the monument particular names were inscribed.
近くに設ける資料館に名簿を備え、それを見れば慰霊碑のどの部分に誰の名前があるか、容易に探せるようにする。
That would help for people wanting to leave offerings such as flowers at particular names.
これで参拝者は、特定の縁者に花束などを手向けることもできる。
The museum could display video footage and photos of damage done to the region, as well as, with loved ones' permission, personal items that belonged to the deceased.
資料館には被害の実態を示す映像や写真、関係者の承諾を得た遺留品などを十分に所蔵、展示する。
The facility would fulfill a role similar to that of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum and the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum.
広島平和記念資料館や長崎原爆資料館のような役割を果たすことになるだろう。
In addition, to the extent that it is possible, the stories of individuals, where and how they met their tragic ends, under what circumstances they were last sighted by survivors, what their hopes and dreams were -- again with the permission and understanding of their loved ones -- as well as accounts of survivors' searches for their families could be exhibited.
そして可能な範囲で、だれがどこで、どんな最期を迎えたのか、その人を生存者が最後に目撃した時の状況はどうだったのか、難を逃れた人々が家族をどのように捜し、あるいは捜せなかったのか、犠牲者はどういう人で、夢は何だったのか、そんな記録も関係者の理解を前提に、備えてはどうだろうか。
The memorial doesn't have to take the exact shape that I've suggested, and multiple memorials could be built in a number of locations.
この提言通りにならなくても構わない。慰霊碑が複数の場所に分かれて建立されてもよい。
But I think it's important that any memorials that are built for this disaster be solemn settings where anyone can go to remember the dead and recommit ourselves to action against future tragedies.
ただ、そこに行けば誰であれ粛然とし、犠牲者を悼み、防災の努力を誓わざるをえないような雰囲気は不可欠だと思う。
The most important thing is that we do not let the story of the disaster seem removed and unreal, but instead keep it in our hearts and minds as a current lesson to live by.
何より重要なのは、この大震災の経験を決して「昔話」にせず、生きている教訓として守り続けることだ。
That is where the real meaning of mourning the dead can be found. (By Tetsuo Nakajima, Editorial Writer)
国民的な慰霊の意味は、それに尽きる。
毎日新聞 2011年4月28日 2時30分
2011/04/29
両陛下東北へ 被災者を励ます温かいお言葉
The Yomiuri Shimbun (Apr. 29, 2011)
Imperial couple's words comfort quake survivors
両陛下東北へ 被災者を励ます温かいお言葉（4月28日付・読売社説）
The Emperor and Empress, who have been visiting evacuees from areas hit by the Great East Japan Earthquake, visited quake-hit Miyagi Prefecture on Wednesday.
東日本大震災の被災者へのお見舞いを続ける天皇、皇后両陛下が２７日、宮城県を訪問された。
It was the Imperial couple's first visit the Tohoku region since the March 11 quake. They are also scheduled to visit Iwate and Fukushima prefectures shortly.
震災後、東北地方に入られるのは初めてで、近日中に岩手、福島両県の訪問も予定されている。
Their words must be a great encouragement to people in or from the quake-hit areas, especially those staying at evacuation centers.
被災地の人々、とりわけ避難所生活を送る人たちに、お二人のお言葉は大きな励ましとなろう。
On Wednesday, the Emperor and Empress visited evacuation centers in Minami-Sanrikucho and Sendai, which suffered great damage in the tsunami caused by the earthquake.
両陛下は、津波で甚大な被害を受けた南三陸町と仙台市内の避難所を訪ねられた。
===
Support for the suffering
Kneeling on the floors of gymnasiums used as evacuation shelters, they talked to many of the evacuees, saying "Any problems with your health?" or "Take care, please."
体育館の床に両ひざをつき、一人一人に「お体は大丈夫ですか」「お大事にね」などと声をかけられた。
According to the Imperial Household Agency, the Imperial couple hoped to visit the quake-hit areas as early as possible, but the visits started more than a month after the quake due to various circumstances.
宮内庁によると、お二人は早期の現地入りを望まれていたが、被災地の状況を考慮し、１か月を過ぎて訪問が開始された。
They visited Asahi, Chiba Prefecture, on April 14 and Kita-Ibaraki, Ibaraki Prefecture, on April 22. Both visits included stops at evacuation centers.
１４日に千葉県旭市、２２日は茨城県北茨城市の避難所などを見舞われた。
Ever since the great earthquake took place, the Imperial couple have been following the news from the quake- and tsunami-hit areas, and their wish to support the people and share in their sorrow has grown stronger, according to the agency.
３月１１日の震災発生以来、両陛下は被災地のニュースを見続け、「人々の心の支えになりたい。困難を分かち合いたい」という思いを強くされてきたという。
On March 16, five days after the quake, the Emperor took the unprecedented step of releasing a public video message for the nation.
５日後の１６日には前例のないビデオメッセージを発表された。
"I can only hope that by making every effort to promptly implement relief for evacuees, their conditions will improve, even if gradually, and that their hope for eventual reconstruction will be rekindled," the Emperor said.
「被災者の状況が少しでも好転し、人々の復興への希望につながっていくことを心から願わずにはいられません」
"I believe it extremely important for us all to share with the victims as much as possible, in whatever way we can, their hardship in the coming days."
「苦難の日々を、私たち皆が、様々な形で少しでも多く分かち合っていくことが大切であろうと思います」
We believe that these words, reflecting the Emperor's feelings about the situation, and his soothing manner of speaking must have encouraged the nation's people greatly.
陛下の思いが滲(にじ)むお言葉と、穏やかな語り口に、どれほど国民は勇気づけられたことだろう。
When Tokyo Electric Power Co. carried out a schedule of rolling blackouts, the Imperial Palace was not the subject to it. However, to coincide with the nighttime power outage schedule, the couple reduced their electricity use voluntarily, taking simple meals such as onigiri rice balls by candlelight.
計画停電が実施された際、皇居は対象外だったが、夜の停電時間に合わせ、ろうそくなどの灯を頼りにおにぎりなどの簡単な食事をとられるようになったという。
The Imperial couple also showed tender solicitude to evacuated people. They donated produce from an Imperial livestock farm in Tochigi Prefecture, such as chicken eggs, to evacuees through their farm employees. The hot spring bath for employees at the Nasu Imperial villa in Nasumachi in the prefecture was opened for evacuees.
栃木県の御料牧場の鶏卵などを、職員を通じて避難者用に提供したり、那須御用邸の職員用宿舎の温泉を開放するなど、優しい気遣いも見せられた。
===
Sharing the people's feelings
"They feel the people's happiness and misfortune as if they were their own, think about them and act on them," Grand Steward Shingo Haketa said. In the agency head's comment we can sense how the Imperial couple feel about the current situation.
「人々の幸せも、不幸も、我がこととして受け止め、考え、実践されている」。羽毛田信吾宮内庁長官の短い言葉の中に、両陛下の胸中を察することができる。
Since the Imperial couple visited an area hit by eruptions of Fugendake peak in the Unzen mountain range in 1991 in Nagasaki Prefecture, they have never neglected to visit areas hit by major disasters, including the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake and the 2004 Niigata Prefecture Chuetsu Earthquake. Each time, they listened to the thoughts and feelings of the disaster-hit people and offered them encouragement.
両陛下は１９９１年、雲仙・普賢岳噴火の被災地を見舞われて以降、９５年の阪神大震災、２００４年の中越地震など大災害のたびに現地へ足を運び、被災者の話を聞き、励ましてこられた。
The Emperor is 77 years old and the Empress 76. It may be a quite burden for them to visit the quake-hit areas, transferring en route from a small Self-Defense Forces plane to an SDF helicopter. Sufficient consideration must also be given to the couple's physical health.
陛下は７７歳、皇后さまは７６歳。自衛隊機とヘリを乗り継ぐ被災地訪問はご負担だろう。お二人のお体にも十分な配慮が必要だ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 28, 2011)
（2011年4月28日01時06分 読売新聞）
Imperial couple's words comfort quake survivors
両陛下東北へ 被災者を励ます温かいお言葉（4月28日付・読売社説）
The Emperor and Empress, who have been visiting evacuees from areas hit by the Great East Japan Earthquake, visited quake-hit Miyagi Prefecture on Wednesday.
東日本大震災の被災者へのお見舞いを続ける天皇、皇后両陛下が２７日、宮城県を訪問された。
It was the Imperial couple's first visit the Tohoku region since the March 11 quake. They are also scheduled to visit Iwate and Fukushima prefectures shortly.
震災後、東北地方に入られるのは初めてで、近日中に岩手、福島両県の訪問も予定されている。
Their words must be a great encouragement to people in or from the quake-hit areas, especially those staying at evacuation centers.
被災地の人々、とりわけ避難所生活を送る人たちに、お二人のお言葉は大きな励ましとなろう。
On Wednesday, the Emperor and Empress visited evacuation centers in Minami-Sanrikucho and Sendai, which suffered great damage in the tsunami caused by the earthquake.
両陛下は、津波で甚大な被害を受けた南三陸町と仙台市内の避難所を訪ねられた。
===
Support for the suffering
Kneeling on the floors of gymnasiums used as evacuation shelters, they talked to many of the evacuees, saying "Any problems with your health?" or "Take care, please."
体育館の床に両ひざをつき、一人一人に「お体は大丈夫ですか」「お大事にね」などと声をかけられた。
According to the Imperial Household Agency, the Imperial couple hoped to visit the quake-hit areas as early as possible, but the visits started more than a month after the quake due to various circumstances.
宮内庁によると、お二人は早期の現地入りを望まれていたが、被災地の状況を考慮し、１か月を過ぎて訪問が開始された。
They visited Asahi, Chiba Prefecture, on April 14 and Kita-Ibaraki, Ibaraki Prefecture, on April 22. Both visits included stops at evacuation centers.
１４日に千葉県旭市、２２日は茨城県北茨城市の避難所などを見舞われた。
Ever since the great earthquake took place, the Imperial couple have been following the news from the quake- and tsunami-hit areas, and their wish to support the people and share in their sorrow has grown stronger, according to the agency.
３月１１日の震災発生以来、両陛下は被災地のニュースを見続け、「人々の心の支えになりたい。困難を分かち合いたい」という思いを強くされてきたという。
On March 16, five days after the quake, the Emperor took the unprecedented step of releasing a public video message for the nation.
５日後の１６日には前例のないビデオメッセージを発表された。
"I can only hope that by making every effort to promptly implement relief for evacuees, their conditions will improve, even if gradually, and that their hope for eventual reconstruction will be rekindled," the Emperor said.
「被災者の状況が少しでも好転し、人々の復興への希望につながっていくことを心から願わずにはいられません」
"I believe it extremely important for us all to share with the victims as much as possible, in whatever way we can, their hardship in the coming days."
「苦難の日々を、私たち皆が、様々な形で少しでも多く分かち合っていくことが大切であろうと思います」
We believe that these words, reflecting the Emperor's feelings about the situation, and his soothing manner of speaking must have encouraged the nation's people greatly.
陛下の思いが滲(にじ)むお言葉と、穏やかな語り口に、どれほど国民は勇気づけられたことだろう。
When Tokyo Electric Power Co. carried out a schedule of rolling blackouts, the Imperial Palace was not the subject to it. However, to coincide with the nighttime power outage schedule, the couple reduced their electricity use voluntarily, taking simple meals such as onigiri rice balls by candlelight.
計画停電が実施された際、皇居は対象外だったが、夜の停電時間に合わせ、ろうそくなどの灯を頼りにおにぎりなどの簡単な食事をとられるようになったという。
The Imperial couple also showed tender solicitude to evacuated people. They donated produce from an Imperial livestock farm in Tochigi Prefecture, such as chicken eggs, to evacuees through their farm employees. The hot spring bath for employees at the Nasu Imperial villa in Nasumachi in the prefecture was opened for evacuees.
栃木県の御料牧場の鶏卵などを、職員を通じて避難者用に提供したり、那須御用邸の職員用宿舎の温泉を開放するなど、優しい気遣いも見せられた。
===
Sharing the people's feelings
"They feel the people's happiness and misfortune as if they were their own, think about them and act on them," Grand Steward Shingo Haketa said. In the agency head's comment we can sense how the Imperial couple feel about the current situation.
「人々の幸せも、不幸も、我がこととして受け止め、考え、実践されている」。羽毛田信吾宮内庁長官の短い言葉の中に、両陛下の胸中を察することができる。
Since the Imperial couple visited an area hit by eruptions of Fugendake peak in the Unzen mountain range in 1991 in Nagasaki Prefecture, they have never neglected to visit areas hit by major disasters, including the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake and the 2004 Niigata Prefecture Chuetsu Earthquake. Each time, they listened to the thoughts and feelings of the disaster-hit people and offered them encouragement.
両陛下は１９９１年、雲仙・普賢岳噴火の被災地を見舞われて以降、９５年の阪神大震災、２００４年の中越地震など大災害のたびに現地へ足を運び、被災者の話を聞き、励ましてこられた。
The Emperor is 77 years old and the Empress 76. It may be a quite burden for them to visit the quake-hit areas, transferring en route from a small Self-Defense Forces plane to an SDF helicopter. Sufficient consideration must also be given to the couple's physical health.
陛下は７７歳、皇后さまは７６歳。自衛隊機とヘリを乗り継ぐ被災地訪問はご負担だろう。お二人のお体にも十分な配慮が必要だ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 28, 2011)
（2011年4月28日01時06分 読売新聞）
2011/04/28
復興構想会議 首相の指針が見えない
(Mainichi Japan) April 27, 2011
Kan needs to display leadership, show clear vision for disaster relief policy
社説：復興構想会議 首相の指針が見えない
A newly established advisory committee to Prime Minister Naoto Kan, tasked to work out a vision on countermeasures for the Great East Japan Earthquake, is divided over how to secure financial resources for these procedures and other important topics. It is highly doubtful whether the panel, headed by National Defense Academy President Makoto Iokibe, will work out effective and efficient countermeasures.
東日本大震災の復興ビジョンを提言する菅直人首相の諮問機関「復興構想会議」（五百旗頭真議長）が早くも迷走気味だ。財源問題で意見が割れるなど、実効性ある構想を打ち出せるかが危ぶまれている。
The panel is comprised of prominent figures, but its discussions will be too abstract unless the government coordinates views between the committee and ministries and agencies concerned and facilitates the panel's communications with local governments and residents of disaster-hit areas and its discussions with experts from various fields. The prime minister should clarify the purpose and mission of the panel to map out a clear vision.
メンバーはそうそうたる顔ぶれだが中央省庁との調整、被災地との意思疎通、各分野での専門家との議論に万全を期さないと会議の存在自体が宙に浮きかねない。百家争鳴の議論に終始しないためにも、首相は会議の目的と使命をより明確に示すべきである。
Iokibe's proposal at the outset of the panel's first meeting that a disaster-relief tax be created stirred controversy between members, forcing the group to shelve the issue of financial resources for the time being.
復興構想会議でまず論議を呼んだのは五百旗頭氏が初会合で「震災復興税」の創設を提言したことだ。結局、会議内でも意見が分かれたため、財源問題は当面棚上げされる方向となった。
It is true that Iokibe's proposal triggered much needed discussions between ruling and opposition parties on how to secure financial resources for quake-relief and restoration measures. However, the panel's primary mission is to show a vision on disaster countermeasures that can persuade taxpayers to accept tax hikes. Kan is to blame for the confusion within the panel because the prime minister, who set up the group, has failed to show his clear policy on the issue in the first place.
五百旗頭氏の発言を受けてようやく財源問題が与野党で議論になり始めたのも事実だが、増税に値する説得力のあるビジョンをまず描くのが構想会議の役割だ。そもそも設置した首相からの指針が明確でない点が混乱を生んだと言えよう。
Concern has been raised that the panel could be isolated within the government. Since no bureaucrat is on the panel, ministries and agencies concerned could question the effectiveness of disaster-relief and restoration measures worked out by the panel and reject it. Although the governors of three quake-hit prefectures in the Tohoku region are members of the committee, it is highly questionable how far they can represent opinions and requests by local municipalities and residents.
構想会議が孤立する懸念もある。有識者メンバーに官僚出身者がいないため青写真を描いた段階で中央省庁に実現性を疑問視され、拒否されるおそれがある。被災した東北３県の知事が参加しているが、地元市町村や住民から出ている意見をどこまで吸収できるかも気がかりだ。
On the other hand, a subcommittee on specific measurers is comprised of many experts in disaster prevention and regional revitalization.
一方で構想会議の下部機関として置かれた検討部会には防災、地域おこしなど実務に通じた人材も多い。
It is feared that the two entities' discussions will overlap as the division of their roles remains unclear.
役割分担があいまいなまま議論が重複することになりはしないか。
In order to prevent the committee from falling apart, it is necessary for the government to not only clarify its role in relevant legislation but also steer it in an appropriate manner. The panel, deputy chief Cabinet secretaries who represent a liaison council between ministries and agencies and top officials of the subcommittee should regularly consult with each other to facilitate their communications and share their common objectives.
空中分解を避けるには復興基本法案など法律で構想会議の位置づけを明確にするだけでなく、運営にも工夫がいる。構想会議、各府省連絡会議を代表する官房副長官、検討部会の代表らがひんぱんに協議し意思疎通や目的の共有に努めるべきだ。
Some constructive discussions are under way, including those on a proposal by Miyagi Gov. Yoshihiro Murai on a specific vision on the restoration of disaster-ravaged areas. The situation varies depending on each disaster-hit area -- from coastal regions and the plains to areas where residents have been evacuated following the crisis at the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant. Panel members as well as government officials are required to reflect these communities' requests and opinions on the disaster's countermeasures.
宮城県の村井嘉浩知事が具体的な被災地再生ビジョンを提起するなど建設的な議論も起きている。被災地は沿岸、平野部、原発事故による住民避難地域などかなり事情が違う。地元の多様な声を構想に反映させる意識が求められる。
The government will draft a second supplementary budget as early as this summer to finance the disaster countermeasures. The committee says it will make proposals on such measures by the end of June, but it is highly doubtful whether it is in time for the government's compilation of the extra budget draft.
政府は今夏にも震災対策の第２弾となる２次補正予算案を編成する予定だ。構想会議は６月末までに提言をまとめるというが２次補正に本当に間に合うのか、現状の体制とスケジュールではこころもとない。
An advisory panel on relief and restoration measures set up following the Great Hanshin Earthquake in January 1995 that devastated Kobe and surrounding areas made its first set of proposals less than two weeks after its first meeting.
９５年の阪神大震災の際に置かれた提言機関「阪神・淡路復興委員会」は初会合から１２日足らずで最初の提言をしている。
Prime Minister Kan must be aware of his responsibility to clearly show the scope and the order of priority of themes that the committee should discuss in order to help it propose effective and efficient countermeasures.
首相は取り組むテーマの範囲や優先順位を示し、構想会議を機動的に活用する責任を自覚しなければならない。
毎日新聞 2011年4月27日 2時32分
Kan needs to display leadership, show clear vision for disaster relief policy
社説：復興構想会議 首相の指針が見えない
A newly established advisory committee to Prime Minister Naoto Kan, tasked to work out a vision on countermeasures for the Great East Japan Earthquake, is divided over how to secure financial resources for these procedures and other important topics. It is highly doubtful whether the panel, headed by National Defense Academy President Makoto Iokibe, will work out effective and efficient countermeasures.
東日本大震災の復興ビジョンを提言する菅直人首相の諮問機関「復興構想会議」（五百旗頭真議長）が早くも迷走気味だ。財源問題で意見が割れるなど、実効性ある構想を打ち出せるかが危ぶまれている。
The panel is comprised of prominent figures, but its discussions will be too abstract unless the government coordinates views between the committee and ministries and agencies concerned and facilitates the panel's communications with local governments and residents of disaster-hit areas and its discussions with experts from various fields. The prime minister should clarify the purpose and mission of the panel to map out a clear vision.
メンバーはそうそうたる顔ぶれだが中央省庁との調整、被災地との意思疎通、各分野での専門家との議論に万全を期さないと会議の存在自体が宙に浮きかねない。百家争鳴の議論に終始しないためにも、首相は会議の目的と使命をより明確に示すべきである。
Iokibe's proposal at the outset of the panel's first meeting that a disaster-relief tax be created stirred controversy between members, forcing the group to shelve the issue of financial resources for the time being.
復興構想会議でまず論議を呼んだのは五百旗頭氏が初会合で「震災復興税」の創設を提言したことだ。結局、会議内でも意見が分かれたため、財源問題は当面棚上げされる方向となった。
It is true that Iokibe's proposal triggered much needed discussions between ruling and opposition parties on how to secure financial resources for quake-relief and restoration measures. However, the panel's primary mission is to show a vision on disaster countermeasures that can persuade taxpayers to accept tax hikes. Kan is to blame for the confusion within the panel because the prime minister, who set up the group, has failed to show his clear policy on the issue in the first place.
五百旗頭氏の発言を受けてようやく財源問題が与野党で議論になり始めたのも事実だが、増税に値する説得力のあるビジョンをまず描くのが構想会議の役割だ。そもそも設置した首相からの指針が明確でない点が混乱を生んだと言えよう。
Concern has been raised that the panel could be isolated within the government. Since no bureaucrat is on the panel, ministries and agencies concerned could question the effectiveness of disaster-relief and restoration measures worked out by the panel and reject it. Although the governors of three quake-hit prefectures in the Tohoku region are members of the committee, it is highly questionable how far they can represent opinions and requests by local municipalities and residents.
構想会議が孤立する懸念もある。有識者メンバーに官僚出身者がいないため青写真を描いた段階で中央省庁に実現性を疑問視され、拒否されるおそれがある。被災した東北３県の知事が参加しているが、地元市町村や住民から出ている意見をどこまで吸収できるかも気がかりだ。
On the other hand, a subcommittee on specific measurers is comprised of many experts in disaster prevention and regional revitalization.
一方で構想会議の下部機関として置かれた検討部会には防災、地域おこしなど実務に通じた人材も多い。
It is feared that the two entities' discussions will overlap as the division of their roles remains unclear.
役割分担があいまいなまま議論が重複することになりはしないか。
In order to prevent the committee from falling apart, it is necessary for the government to not only clarify its role in relevant legislation but also steer it in an appropriate manner. The panel, deputy chief Cabinet secretaries who represent a liaison council between ministries and agencies and top officials of the subcommittee should regularly consult with each other to facilitate their communications and share their common objectives.
空中分解を避けるには復興基本法案など法律で構想会議の位置づけを明確にするだけでなく、運営にも工夫がいる。構想会議、各府省連絡会議を代表する官房副長官、検討部会の代表らがひんぱんに協議し意思疎通や目的の共有に努めるべきだ。
Some constructive discussions are under way, including those on a proposal by Miyagi Gov. Yoshihiro Murai on a specific vision on the restoration of disaster-ravaged areas. The situation varies depending on each disaster-hit area -- from coastal regions and the plains to areas where residents have been evacuated following the crisis at the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant. Panel members as well as government officials are required to reflect these communities' requests and opinions on the disaster's countermeasures.
宮城県の村井嘉浩知事が具体的な被災地再生ビジョンを提起するなど建設的な議論も起きている。被災地は沿岸、平野部、原発事故による住民避難地域などかなり事情が違う。地元の多様な声を構想に反映させる意識が求められる。
The government will draft a second supplementary budget as early as this summer to finance the disaster countermeasures. The committee says it will make proposals on such measures by the end of June, but it is highly doubtful whether it is in time for the government's compilation of the extra budget draft.
政府は今夏にも震災対策の第２弾となる２次補正予算案を編成する予定だ。構想会議は６月末までに提言をまとめるというが２次補正に本当に間に合うのか、現状の体制とスケジュールではこころもとない。
An advisory panel on relief and restoration measures set up following the Great Hanshin Earthquake in January 1995 that devastated Kobe and surrounding areas made its first set of proposals less than two weeks after its first meeting.
９５年の阪神大震災の際に置かれた提言機関「阪神・淡路復興委員会」は初会合から１２日足らずで最初の提言をしている。
Prime Minister Kan must be aware of his responsibility to clearly show the scope and the order of priority of themes that the committee should discuss in order to help it propose effective and efficient countermeasures.
首相は取り組むテーマの範囲や優先順位を示し、構想会議を機動的に活用する責任を自覚しなければならない。
毎日新聞 2011年4月27日 2時32分
2011/04/26
「原子力ムラ」の閉鎖的体質
(Mainichi Japan) April 25, 2011
How did Japan's nuclear industry become so arrogant?
記者の目：「原子力ムラ」の閉鎖的体質＝日野行介（大阪社会部）
◇事故の背景に、批判拒む傲慢さ
What has stood out at the countless press conferences by Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), and the Cabinet Office's Nuclear Safety Commission (NSC) of Japan that I've attended in covering the crisis at the Fukushima nuclear plant, is the rampant use of cliches such as "unanticipated state of affairs" and "unprecedented natural disaster."
東京電力福島第１原発の事故の取材応援で、東電や経済産業省原子力安全・保安院、内閣府原子力安全委員会の記者会見に何度も出席した。そこで強く疑問に感じたのは、「想定外の事態」や「未曽有の天災」という決まり文句を盾に、決して非を認めようとしない専門家たちの無反省ぶりだ。
The excuses made by the organizations involved go to show that so-called nuclear power experts have no intention to self reflect or admit their shortcomings.
It was this self-righteousness -- evidenced over the years in the industry's suppression of unfavorable warnings and criticisms, as well as in their imposition of the claim that the safety of nuclear energy was self evident -- that lay down the groundwork for the accident at the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant.
これまで不都合な警告や批判を封じ込め、「安全」を自明のものとして押し付けてきた業界の独善的体質が今回の事故の背景にあると思える。
◇言葉は丁寧だが決して非認めず
At press conferences, TEPCO officials repeatedly express their "deep apologies" for the trouble caused to the Japanese people. However, as soon as reporters' questions turn to the actual safety of nuclear power stations -- about which they had long boasted a multilayered safety system referred to as "defense in depth" -- they begin to act coolly. Their speech may feign civility, but they never admit to any wrongdoing and merely keep insisting the righteousness of their own claims. When particularly unflattering questions are posed to them, some TEPCO executives glower at the reporters who dared to ask and give only a brusque response.
「大変なご心配をおかけして申し訳ありません」。東電の記者会見は必ずと言っていいほど謝罪の言葉が出る。だが、「多重防護」を誇ってきたはずの原発の安全性自体に疑問が及ぶと、会見する幹部の態度は途端に硬くなる。言葉は丁寧だが、非は決して認めず、自分たちの言い分だけを強調する。都合の悪い質問には、記者をにらみつけながら木で鼻をくくったような対応をする幹部もいる。
Video footage of these press conferences, accessible via television broadcasts and the Internet, combined with disappointment with the government for its mishandling of the disaster, has fed the public's skepticism about the reliability and honesty of industry and political leaders.
こうした会見の模様はテレビやインターネット動画でそのまま報道され、政府の対応への不信とも相まって、国民は「本当に大丈夫なのか」「うそをついているのではないか」と疑念を募らせている。
Between 2002 and 2005, I was posted to the Fukui Prefecture city of Tsuruga, which hosts 15 nuclear reactors along Wakasa Bay. The area is dubbed Genpatsu Ginza (Nuclear Ginza) -- after the upscale Tokyo shopping district that is home to many shops and department stores -- for the its abundance of nuclear power plants, and a lot of the bureau's important reporting has concerned the nuclear power plants.
私は０２年から３年間、若狭湾に原発１５基が林立する福井県敦賀市に勤務した。「原発銀座」と称される地域で、取材の最重要テーマが原発だった。
The many nuclear power engineers and researchers I met while based in Tsuruga did not leave a good impression on me. They generally did not provide sufficient answers to questions that could put them and nuclear energy in a negative light, and were arrogant enough to turn a deaf ear to any criticism that may be aimed at them.
取材で接した原子力の技術者・研究者たちの印象は決して芳しいものではない。都合の悪い問いにまともに答えず、批判的な意見に耳を貸さない尊大ぶりが印象に残った。
When the Kanazawa branch of the Nagoya High Court handed down a ruling in January 2003 nullifying permission that had previously been given for the construction of the prototype Monju fast breeder reactor (FBR), electrical power companies and researchers involved in the power industry were up in arms. At a debate about the court ruling, a university professor who was a proponent of nuclear energy employed his knowledge of specialized terminology to talk down an opposition-party Diet member. Later on, I witnessed the professor and some cronies smirk in the corner of the room as they muttered, "Take that, you amateurs."
高速増殖原型炉「もんじゅ」（敦賀市）の設置許可を無効とした名古屋高裁金沢支部判決（０３年１月）の際には、電力会社や研究者が業界を挙げて判決を攻撃した。判決に関する討論会で、推進派の大学教授が専門用語を駆使して野党の国会議員をやり込めた後、会場の片隅で「素人のくせに」と仲間内で笑い合っているのを見た。
Several years ago, a regional television broadcaster that featured a researcher critical of nuclear energy in a documentary drew strong protest from a local utility firm, which argued that the show was based on a misunderstanding of nuclear energy. Although the program did not directly criticize the utility firm, the broadcaster was unable to ignore the claims of the company, one of its major sponsors. It was made to promise to dispatch reporters to nuclear power plants on a regular basis.
ある地方テレビ局が数年前、原子力に批判的な研究者をドキュメンタリー番組で取り上げたところ、地元電力会社が「原子力を理解していない」と猛烈に抗議した。番組はこの電力会社を直接批判する内容ではなかったが、テレビ局は広告主の抗議を無視できず、記者による定期的な原発見学を約束した。
An executive at the power company whom I interviewed about the case said, "An understanding of how safe nuclear power stations are was lacking. What we wanted was repentance (from the broadcaster)." TEPCO officials that I've recently been observing at press conferences remind me of that pompous power company executive.
この件について取材した私に、電力会社の役員は「（原発が）いかに安全か理解していない。『反省しろ』ということだ」と言い放った。その傲慢な態度は、今回の事故を巡る会見で見た東電幹部と重なり合う。
◇官民にまたがる狭い人脈社会
So how did the industry become what it is now?
なぜ、こんな体質が醸成されるのだろうか。
Tetsunari Iida, a former nuclear engineer who currently heads the Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies, says that the industry is dominated by a closely-knit nuclear establishment. Those who graduate from universities and graduate from schools with degrees in nuclear power engineering go on to work at power companies, energy-related manufacturers, or municipalities that host nuclear power stations. Everything comes down to personal networks, and who the graduating students go on to work for is largely influenced by the connections and interests of the students' professors. Regardless of whether the employers are public or private organizations, the newly inducted engineers are raised to become full-fledged members of the nuclear establishment.
原子力の技術者だった飯田哲也・環境エネルギー政策研究所長は、業界の実態を「原子力村（ムラ）」と名付けた。大学や大学院で原子力を学んだ学生は、電力会社やメーカーに就職したり、国や立地自治体の技官になる。就職先は担当教官の意向で決まることが多い人脈社会で、彼らは官民に分かれても「ムラ」の一員として育っていく。
Accidents involving nuclear power plants are widely covered by the press, and are subject to intense criticism from citizens' groups. Because the nuclear establishment takes on a victim mentality when subjected to such pressure, it one-sidedly labels criticism from opponents as "opinions of mere laypersons," further reinforcing its self-righteous opinion of itself as the experts.
原発関係の事故はメディアで大きく報じられる。市民団体などの批判にさらされることも多い。“被害者意識”から、彼らは批判を「素人の意見」だと一方的に決めつけ、独善的な専門家意識を強めていくのだろう。
Nuclear safety regulation in Japan is ostensibly covered under a "double-check" system, but in practice, the system has not functioned sufficiently. Since both those in a position to be checked and those in a position to do the checking come from the same establishment, they are motivated to take action that will protect their common interests. As for NISA, there's a fundamental structural problem in that it is but an arm of METI, the government ministry in charge of promoting nuclear power generation.
原発の安全規制は、保安院と原子力安全委員会による「ダブルチェック」体制とされる。しかし現実には十分機能していない。チェックする方も、される方も、同じ「ムラ」の構成員なので、業界全体の利益を守ろうという意識が働く。保安院に至っては、原発を推進する経産省に属するという構造的問題を抱えている。
A comparison of the agencies overseeing nuclear energy in Japan and the U.S., respectively, is also telling. While the U.S. agency is called the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), its Japanese counterpart is called the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA). The conclusion we can reach from this is that by focusing so much on promoting the "safety" of nuclear energy, "regulation" and "supervision" have been left on the back burner.
組織の名称にしても、米国は「原子力規制委員会（ＮＲＣ）」なのに、日本の機関には「規制」ではなく「安全」が使われている。「原子力は安全」という宣伝を優先するあまり、規制や監視という視点が欠落していたとしか思えない。
The ongoing disaster in Fukushima has finally built momentum behind a discussion to split NISA from METI. There is no question that such a measure is necessary, but mere reshuffling cannot change the fundamental nature of those involved.
今回の事故を受け、保安院を経産省から分離する組織改革がようやく検討される見通しとなった。必要なことだとは思うが、組織いじりだけでは専門家たちの体質を変えていくことはできない。
We are guilty of having relegated -- up until now -- the issue of nuclear energy as a world away, and a field best left to "experts" in the nuclear establishment. But the still unfolding crisis has made us painfully aware how closely linked nuclear energy is to our lives, from concerns over radiation exposure to power shortages. We no longer have the choice to remain apathetic. (By Kosuke Hino, Osaka City News Department)
これまで私たちは原子力の問題を「専門家の世界だから」と、直視することを避け、「ムラ」に委ねすぎてきた。だが今回の事故で、放射能への不安から電力不足問題に至るまで、原子力が一人一人の生活に密接にかかわることが明白になった。もう無関心は許されない。
毎日新聞 2011年4月21日 東京朝刊
How did Japan's nuclear industry become so arrogant?
記者の目：「原子力ムラ」の閉鎖的体質＝日野行介（大阪社会部）
◇事故の背景に、批判拒む傲慢さ
What has stood out at the countless press conferences by Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), and the Cabinet Office's Nuclear Safety Commission (NSC) of Japan that I've attended in covering the crisis at the Fukushima nuclear plant, is the rampant use of cliches such as "unanticipated state of affairs" and "unprecedented natural disaster."
東京電力福島第１原発の事故の取材応援で、東電や経済産業省原子力安全・保安院、内閣府原子力安全委員会の記者会見に何度も出席した。そこで強く疑問に感じたのは、「想定外の事態」や「未曽有の天災」という決まり文句を盾に、決して非を認めようとしない専門家たちの無反省ぶりだ。
The excuses made by the organizations involved go to show that so-called nuclear power experts have no intention to self reflect or admit their shortcomings.
It was this self-righteousness -- evidenced over the years in the industry's suppression of unfavorable warnings and criticisms, as well as in their imposition of the claim that the safety of nuclear energy was self evident -- that lay down the groundwork for the accident at the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant.
これまで不都合な警告や批判を封じ込め、「安全」を自明のものとして押し付けてきた業界の独善的体質が今回の事故の背景にあると思える。
◇言葉は丁寧だが決して非認めず
At press conferences, TEPCO officials repeatedly express their "deep apologies" for the trouble caused to the Japanese people. However, as soon as reporters' questions turn to the actual safety of nuclear power stations -- about which they had long boasted a multilayered safety system referred to as "defense in depth" -- they begin to act coolly. Their speech may feign civility, but they never admit to any wrongdoing and merely keep insisting the righteousness of their own claims. When particularly unflattering questions are posed to them, some TEPCO executives glower at the reporters who dared to ask and give only a brusque response.
「大変なご心配をおかけして申し訳ありません」。東電の記者会見は必ずと言っていいほど謝罪の言葉が出る。だが、「多重防護」を誇ってきたはずの原発の安全性自体に疑問が及ぶと、会見する幹部の態度は途端に硬くなる。言葉は丁寧だが、非は決して認めず、自分たちの言い分だけを強調する。都合の悪い質問には、記者をにらみつけながら木で鼻をくくったような対応をする幹部もいる。
Video footage of these press conferences, accessible via television broadcasts and the Internet, combined with disappointment with the government for its mishandling of the disaster, has fed the public's skepticism about the reliability and honesty of industry and political leaders.
こうした会見の模様はテレビやインターネット動画でそのまま報道され、政府の対応への不信とも相まって、国民は「本当に大丈夫なのか」「うそをついているのではないか」と疑念を募らせている。
Between 2002 and 2005, I was posted to the Fukui Prefecture city of Tsuruga, which hosts 15 nuclear reactors along Wakasa Bay. The area is dubbed Genpatsu Ginza (Nuclear Ginza) -- after the upscale Tokyo shopping district that is home to many shops and department stores -- for the its abundance of nuclear power plants, and a lot of the bureau's important reporting has concerned the nuclear power plants.
私は０２年から３年間、若狭湾に原発１５基が林立する福井県敦賀市に勤務した。「原発銀座」と称される地域で、取材の最重要テーマが原発だった。
The many nuclear power engineers and researchers I met while based in Tsuruga did not leave a good impression on me. They generally did not provide sufficient answers to questions that could put them and nuclear energy in a negative light, and were arrogant enough to turn a deaf ear to any criticism that may be aimed at them.
取材で接した原子力の技術者・研究者たちの印象は決して芳しいものではない。都合の悪い問いにまともに答えず、批判的な意見に耳を貸さない尊大ぶりが印象に残った。
When the Kanazawa branch of the Nagoya High Court handed down a ruling in January 2003 nullifying permission that had previously been given for the construction of the prototype Monju fast breeder reactor (FBR), electrical power companies and researchers involved in the power industry were up in arms. At a debate about the court ruling, a university professor who was a proponent of nuclear energy employed his knowledge of specialized terminology to talk down an opposition-party Diet member. Later on, I witnessed the professor and some cronies smirk in the corner of the room as they muttered, "Take that, you amateurs."
高速増殖原型炉「もんじゅ」（敦賀市）の設置許可を無効とした名古屋高裁金沢支部判決（０３年１月）の際には、電力会社や研究者が業界を挙げて判決を攻撃した。判決に関する討論会で、推進派の大学教授が専門用語を駆使して野党の国会議員をやり込めた後、会場の片隅で「素人のくせに」と仲間内で笑い合っているのを見た。
Several years ago, a regional television broadcaster that featured a researcher critical of nuclear energy in a documentary drew strong protest from a local utility firm, which argued that the show was based on a misunderstanding of nuclear energy. Although the program did not directly criticize the utility firm, the broadcaster was unable to ignore the claims of the company, one of its major sponsors. It was made to promise to dispatch reporters to nuclear power plants on a regular basis.
ある地方テレビ局が数年前、原子力に批判的な研究者をドキュメンタリー番組で取り上げたところ、地元電力会社が「原子力を理解していない」と猛烈に抗議した。番組はこの電力会社を直接批判する内容ではなかったが、テレビ局は広告主の抗議を無視できず、記者による定期的な原発見学を約束した。
An executive at the power company whom I interviewed about the case said, "An understanding of how safe nuclear power stations are was lacking. What we wanted was repentance (from the broadcaster)." TEPCO officials that I've recently been observing at press conferences remind me of that pompous power company executive.
この件について取材した私に、電力会社の役員は「（原発が）いかに安全か理解していない。『反省しろ』ということだ」と言い放った。その傲慢な態度は、今回の事故を巡る会見で見た東電幹部と重なり合う。
◇官民にまたがる狭い人脈社会
So how did the industry become what it is now?
なぜ、こんな体質が醸成されるのだろうか。
Tetsunari Iida, a former nuclear engineer who currently heads the Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies, says that the industry is dominated by a closely-knit nuclear establishment. Those who graduate from universities and graduate from schools with degrees in nuclear power engineering go on to work at power companies, energy-related manufacturers, or municipalities that host nuclear power stations. Everything comes down to personal networks, and who the graduating students go on to work for is largely influenced by the connections and interests of the students' professors. Regardless of whether the employers are public or private organizations, the newly inducted engineers are raised to become full-fledged members of the nuclear establishment.
原子力の技術者だった飯田哲也・環境エネルギー政策研究所長は、業界の実態を「原子力村（ムラ）」と名付けた。大学や大学院で原子力を学んだ学生は、電力会社やメーカーに就職したり、国や立地自治体の技官になる。就職先は担当教官の意向で決まることが多い人脈社会で、彼らは官民に分かれても「ムラ」の一員として育っていく。
Accidents involving nuclear power plants are widely covered by the press, and are subject to intense criticism from citizens' groups. Because the nuclear establishment takes on a victim mentality when subjected to such pressure, it one-sidedly labels criticism from opponents as "opinions of mere laypersons," further reinforcing its self-righteous opinion of itself as the experts.
原発関係の事故はメディアで大きく報じられる。市民団体などの批判にさらされることも多い。“被害者意識”から、彼らは批判を「素人の意見」だと一方的に決めつけ、独善的な専門家意識を強めていくのだろう。
Nuclear safety regulation in Japan is ostensibly covered under a "double-check" system, but in practice, the system has not functioned sufficiently. Since both those in a position to be checked and those in a position to do the checking come from the same establishment, they are motivated to take action that will protect their common interests. As for NISA, there's a fundamental structural problem in that it is but an arm of METI, the government ministry in charge of promoting nuclear power generation.
原発の安全規制は、保安院と原子力安全委員会による「ダブルチェック」体制とされる。しかし現実には十分機能していない。チェックする方も、される方も、同じ「ムラ」の構成員なので、業界全体の利益を守ろうという意識が働く。保安院に至っては、原発を推進する経産省に属するという構造的問題を抱えている。
A comparison of the agencies overseeing nuclear energy in Japan and the U.S., respectively, is also telling. While the U.S. agency is called the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), its Japanese counterpart is called the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA). The conclusion we can reach from this is that by focusing so much on promoting the "safety" of nuclear energy, "regulation" and "supervision" have been left on the back burner.
組織の名称にしても、米国は「原子力規制委員会（ＮＲＣ）」なのに、日本の機関には「規制」ではなく「安全」が使われている。「原子力は安全」という宣伝を優先するあまり、規制や監視という視点が欠落していたとしか思えない。
The ongoing disaster in Fukushima has finally built momentum behind a discussion to split NISA from METI. There is no question that such a measure is necessary, but mere reshuffling cannot change the fundamental nature of those involved.
今回の事故を受け、保安院を経産省から分離する組織改革がようやく検討される見通しとなった。必要なことだとは思うが、組織いじりだけでは専門家たちの体質を変えていくことはできない。
We are guilty of having relegated -- up until now -- the issue of nuclear energy as a world away, and a field best left to "experts" in the nuclear establishment. But the still unfolding crisis has made us painfully aware how closely linked nuclear energy is to our lives, from concerns over radiation exposure to power shortages. We no longer have the choice to remain apathetic. (By Kosuke Hino, Osaka City News Department)
これまで私たちは原子力の問題を「専門家の世界だから」と、直視することを避け、「ムラ」に委ねすぎてきた。だが今回の事故で、放射能への不安から電力不足問題に至るまで、原子力が一人一人の生活に密接にかかわることが明白になった。もう無関心は許されない。
毎日新聞 2011年4月21日 東京朝刊
2011/04/25
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：震災前の自分に戻る
(Mainichi Japan) April 24, 2011
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Returning to our pre-earthquake selves
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：震災前の自分に戻る ／東京
Since the earthquake, I have called for people to live their lives like they did before the disaster as much as possible. I recently thought about how I myself have done on that front.
震災以来、「なるべくいつも通りの生活を」と呼びかけてきたが、私自身、どうだろうとふと考えてみた。
Thinking about it, I realized a few things. One is that when I've gone to bookstores recently, I haven't been buying novels or medical books like usual. Instead I end up buying nothing but magazines related to the earthquake or the nuclear plant disaster. Another thing I realized was that, even though I've been telling people to "distract themselves for even a little while with a movie or music," I myself haven't set foot in a movie theater.
そういえば、本屋さんに寄ってもなかなか小説や医学の専門書を手に取る気にならず、気がつけば地震や原発について書かれた雑誌ばかり買っている。「映画や音楽でひとときでも気をまぎらわせて」と言っているのに、映画館にも行っていない。
And, I realized that when my job at the hospital is over and I get myself ready to write an article like this, I end up writing about the earthquake disaster even if I didn't plan on it. It all showed me that my life is not back to its predisaster ways.
病院での仕事が終わってこうして原稿を書こうとすると、つい震災のことを書いてしまう。「なんだ、私もまだ平常通りの生活に戻ってないじゃないか」とちょっと反省した。
Last week I had a chance to go to Sendai, one month having passed since the earthquake. I met a friend from my high-school years who is now working as a researcher. She said that since the earthquake, she has been busy checking on the safety of her students and getting her lab equipment back in order. Keeping a cheerful mood, she said she was borrowing the bath of her friend's house because the gas line at her own house was still out.
先週、震災から１カ月を経た仙台に行く機会があり、現地の大学で研究生活を送る高校の同級生に会った。彼女は学生の安否確認やめちゃめちゃになった実験設備の修復に追われている、と言う。「ガスもまだ復旧してないから、お風呂は友だちの家で借りてるんだけどね」と明るく笑う彼女に、私は尋ねてみた。
I asked her, "Has your life completely changed because of the earthquake? These days, how much of your time is spent dealing with things like the aftermath of the earthquake and preparing for aftershocks? Around 80 percent or so?"
「震災で生活も一変しちゃった？ 今って、地震の後始末や余震への対応が毎日の何割くらいを占めてるの？ ８割くらいがそんな感じ？」
"Hmm," she thought for a second, tilting her head. Then came an unexpected answer: "Maybe around 20 percent."
すると、「うーん」と一瞬、首をひねった彼女から返ってきた答えは、意外なものだった。「２割くらいかな」
She said that, yes, there were lots of earthquake-related things to take care of, but she was also going to international academic conferences and running experiments, just as usual. Her life had not been completely turned upside-down.
たしかに震災に関した用事も多いが、その一方でいつも通り、国際学会に出かけたり実験をしたりもしているという。そうか、すべてが変わってしまったわけじゃないんだ、と私は納得した。
Just because the earthquake happened doesn't mean that we no longer like the food we once did, that the job we took pride in is now meaningless, or that a person with a kind, humor-loving personality must change. Thinking back to who we were before the earthquake, we can try to slowly get back into the things we were interested in, and restart the things we had begun. By doing so, we should be able to feel how our pre- and post-earthquake selves are a continuation of the same existence, and our feelings should change for the better.
これまで好きだった食べものが、震災が起きたからといってきらいになるわけじゃない。やっていた仕事が、突然、無意味なものに変わるわけじゃない。やさしい、ユーモアが好き、といった性格の特徴も同じはず。「震災の前の私はどうだっけ」と思い出して、そのときにハマっていたもの、手がけていたものを、できればまた少しずつ始めてみる。そうして「自分や心は震災前も後も連続しているんだ」と確認するだけで、気分はずいぶん違うのではないだろうか。
For my part, I've recently started to read a book I bought before the earthquake but had been leaving untouched since. It has been as interesting as I hoped, and it made me feel that my pre-disaster self had returned.
私も、震災前に「読もう」と思って買ったままになっている本を読み始めた。それは期待通りの面白さで、３月以前の自分が戻ってくるような気がした。
Aftershocks will continue for some time, and many people will continue to be occupied with the results of the disaster, but I would like people to try saying to themselves, "Be it last year or this year, the person called 'me' is the same." (By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
余震も続きまだまだ落ち着かない生活を送る人も多いが、「私という人間は、去年も今年もちっとも変わってないんだ」とつぶやいてみてほしい。
毎日新聞 2011年4月19日 地方版
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Returning to our pre-earthquake selves
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：震災前の自分に戻る ／東京
Since the earthquake, I have called for people to live their lives like they did before the disaster as much as possible. I recently thought about how I myself have done on that front.
震災以来、「なるべくいつも通りの生活を」と呼びかけてきたが、私自身、どうだろうとふと考えてみた。
Thinking about it, I realized a few things. One is that when I've gone to bookstores recently, I haven't been buying novels or medical books like usual. Instead I end up buying nothing but magazines related to the earthquake or the nuclear plant disaster. Another thing I realized was that, even though I've been telling people to "distract themselves for even a little while with a movie or music," I myself haven't set foot in a movie theater.
そういえば、本屋さんに寄ってもなかなか小説や医学の専門書を手に取る気にならず、気がつけば地震や原発について書かれた雑誌ばかり買っている。「映画や音楽でひとときでも気をまぎらわせて」と言っているのに、映画館にも行っていない。
And, I realized that when my job at the hospital is over and I get myself ready to write an article like this, I end up writing about the earthquake disaster even if I didn't plan on it. It all showed me that my life is not back to its predisaster ways.
病院での仕事が終わってこうして原稿を書こうとすると、つい震災のことを書いてしまう。「なんだ、私もまだ平常通りの生活に戻ってないじゃないか」とちょっと反省した。
Last week I had a chance to go to Sendai, one month having passed since the earthquake. I met a friend from my high-school years who is now working as a researcher. She said that since the earthquake, she has been busy checking on the safety of her students and getting her lab equipment back in order. Keeping a cheerful mood, she said she was borrowing the bath of her friend's house because the gas line at her own house was still out.
先週、震災から１カ月を経た仙台に行く機会があり、現地の大学で研究生活を送る高校の同級生に会った。彼女は学生の安否確認やめちゃめちゃになった実験設備の修復に追われている、と言う。「ガスもまだ復旧してないから、お風呂は友だちの家で借りてるんだけどね」と明るく笑う彼女に、私は尋ねてみた。
I asked her, "Has your life completely changed because of the earthquake? These days, how much of your time is spent dealing with things like the aftermath of the earthquake and preparing for aftershocks? Around 80 percent or so?"
「震災で生活も一変しちゃった？ 今って、地震の後始末や余震への対応が毎日の何割くらいを占めてるの？ ８割くらいがそんな感じ？」
"Hmm," she thought for a second, tilting her head. Then came an unexpected answer: "Maybe around 20 percent."
すると、「うーん」と一瞬、首をひねった彼女から返ってきた答えは、意外なものだった。「２割くらいかな」
She said that, yes, there were lots of earthquake-related things to take care of, but she was also going to international academic conferences and running experiments, just as usual. Her life had not been completely turned upside-down.
たしかに震災に関した用事も多いが、その一方でいつも通り、国際学会に出かけたり実験をしたりもしているという。そうか、すべてが変わってしまったわけじゃないんだ、と私は納得した。
Just because the earthquake happened doesn't mean that we no longer like the food we once did, that the job we took pride in is now meaningless, or that a person with a kind, humor-loving personality must change. Thinking back to who we were before the earthquake, we can try to slowly get back into the things we were interested in, and restart the things we had begun. By doing so, we should be able to feel how our pre- and post-earthquake selves are a continuation of the same existence, and our feelings should change for the better.
これまで好きだった食べものが、震災が起きたからといってきらいになるわけじゃない。やっていた仕事が、突然、無意味なものに変わるわけじゃない。やさしい、ユーモアが好き、といった性格の特徴も同じはず。「震災の前の私はどうだっけ」と思い出して、そのときにハマっていたもの、手がけていたものを、できればまた少しずつ始めてみる。そうして「自分や心は震災前も後も連続しているんだ」と確認するだけで、気分はずいぶん違うのではないだろうか。
For my part, I've recently started to read a book I bought before the earthquake but had been leaving untouched since. It has been as interesting as I hoped, and it made me feel that my pre-disaster self had returned.
私も、震災前に「読もう」と思って買ったままになっている本を読み始めた。それは期待通りの面白さで、３月以前の自分が戻ってくるような気がした。
Aftershocks will continue for some time, and many people will continue to be occupied with the results of the disaster, but I would like people to try saying to themselves, "Be it last year or this year, the person called 'me' is the same." (By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
余震も続きまだまだ落ち着かない生活を送る人も多いが、「私という人間は、去年も今年もちっとも変わってないんだ」とつぶやいてみてほしい。
毎日新聞 2011年4月19日 地方版
2011/04/24
義援金の支給 善意を早く被災者の手元に
The Yomiuri Shimbun (Apr. 24, 2011)
Quickly pass donations to disaster victims
義援金の支給 善意を早く被災者の手元に（4月23日付・読売社説）
Huge amounts of money have been donated at home and abroad to survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake.
東日本大震災の被災者に対して、国内や海外から、多くの義援金が寄せられている。
The Japanese Red Cross Society and the Central Community Chest for Japan have collected about 170 billion yen combined, and municipal governments in disaster-stricken areas have directly received donations of more than 20 billion yen.
これまで、日本赤十字社と中央共同募金会に合わせて約１７００億円、被災した自治体にも直接、２００億円以上が集まった。
In the about 40 days since the March 11 earthquake and tsunami, the money donated has reached about the same amount as that given after the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake. The nuclear power plant crisis that has compounded the quake disaster has apparently stirred up feelings of sympathy in many people in Japan and overseas and convinced them to open their wallets.
発生から４０日余りで、阪神大震災で寄せられた義援金とほぼ同じ金額に達した。原子力発電所事故を併発した今回の震災に、内外の多くの人が心からの支援の気持ちを寄託したということだろう。
This money, however, has yet to reach disaster victims.
ところが、このお金が、まだ被災者の手元に渡っていない。
Thousands of people are still living in temporary shelters without any belongings, having lost everything in the tsunami. They urgently need money just to get by. We hope the donated cash will reach them as soon as possible.
津波によって何もかも流され、着のみ着のまま避難所にいる人も多い。当座のお金にも困っているはずだ。一刻も早く義援金を配ってもらいたい。
On April 8, the secretariat of the committee in charge of distributing donations, which has been established in the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry, decided on distribution details of the first batch of donations. Families will receive 350,000 yen for each person who was killed in the disaster or remains missing, and owners of houses that were destroyed will receive 350,000 yen and people whose homes have been severely damaged will get 180,000 yen.
今回、義援金配分割合決定委員会の事務局は厚生労働省が務め、今月８日に第１次配分の基準額を決めた。亡くなった人の遺族や行方不明の人の家族に３５万円、家の被害は全壊が３５万円、半壊が１８万円――などだ。
===
Distribution too slow
The donations will be distributed based of these criteria. Prefectural governments will add some money of their own before handing the cash to disaster victims through city, town and village governments.
これをもとに被災各県に配分され、県が独自に金額を上乗せするといった手続きを経て、市町村から被災者に渡される。
The reality, however, is that some disaster-struck municipalities have only just started offering application procedures for receiving donations.
だが、ようやく一部自治体で申請手続きが始まったというのが現状である。
After the Great Hanshin Earthquake, the amount of the first distribution of donations was decided 12 days after the disaster, with people whose homes were destroyed receiving 100,000 yen in the initial payouts. Compared with this, decisions on donation distribution criteria and the payment process to victims of last month's quake and tsunami have been pointedly slow. Many people who generously made donations also probably feel frustrated by this situation.
阪神大震災では発生から１２日後に第１次配分額が決まり、家が全半壊した人などにまず１０万円が支給された。それに比べると配分基準の決定も支給も遅い。義援金を託した人の方も、もどかしさを感じているのではないか。
The immense devastation wrought by the disaster has made it all but impossible for many disaster-hit municipalities to accurately assess the damage to individual households. Administrative functions of some city, town and village governments have been so badly eroded that they are unable to address the task of distributing donations.
今回は、被害があまりにも甚大で、世帯ごとの被災状況をまだつかみきれない、という自治体が少なくない。役場の行政機能が大きく損なわれ、義援金の支給まで手が回らない市町村もある。
To alleviate this situation, the central government, prefectural governments outside the disaster zone and other entities should send personnel to lend a hand with clerical work needed to pass donations to disaster survivors.
この面での事務作業にも、国や県、他地域の自治体から応援要員が必要だ。
===
Make payments uniform
We think a uniform provisional payment should be given to people with damaged homes, rather than wasting time worrying over whether a house should be categorized as "destroyed" or "partially damaged."
家屋は全壊か半壊かといった厳格な認定はおいて、暫定的な一律支給も検討すべきではないか。
A closer examination of the degree of damage can wait until the second round of donation distributions.
被害の程度については、第２次以降の配分時までに確定すればいい。
Cash will be very helpful to disaster victims. These initial payments should be made flexibly and swiftly.
とりあえずの金額だけでも被災者は助かるだろう。柔軟なやり方で支給を急ぐべきだ。
Given the staggering death toll and number of people still unaccounted for, as well as the scale of property damage, much more money will need to be collected.
犠牲者の数や被害の大きさを考えれば、より多くの義援金を集める必要がある。
First of all, the initial batch of donations must be distributed without a hitch to people who desperately need it. This will be a springboard for the next round of support and financial aid.
まずは、被災者に最初の義援金を役立ててもらいたい。それが次の支援の原動力になる。
It also will be a message of acknowledgement from Japan to people around the world who have sent their goodwill to disaster victims.
善意を寄せてくれた世界の人たちへ、日本からの感謝のメッセージにもなろう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 23, 2011)
（2011年4月23日01時26分 読売新聞）
Quickly pass donations to disaster victims
義援金の支給 善意を早く被災者の手元に（4月23日付・読売社説）
Huge amounts of money have been donated at home and abroad to survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake.
東日本大震災の被災者に対して、国内や海外から、多くの義援金が寄せられている。
The Japanese Red Cross Society and the Central Community Chest for Japan have collected about 170 billion yen combined, and municipal governments in disaster-stricken areas have directly received donations of more than 20 billion yen.
これまで、日本赤十字社と中央共同募金会に合わせて約１７００億円、被災した自治体にも直接、２００億円以上が集まった。
In the about 40 days since the March 11 earthquake and tsunami, the money donated has reached about the same amount as that given after the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake. The nuclear power plant crisis that has compounded the quake disaster has apparently stirred up feelings of sympathy in many people in Japan and overseas and convinced them to open their wallets.
発生から４０日余りで、阪神大震災で寄せられた義援金とほぼ同じ金額に達した。原子力発電所事故を併発した今回の震災に、内外の多くの人が心からの支援の気持ちを寄託したということだろう。
This money, however, has yet to reach disaster victims.
ところが、このお金が、まだ被災者の手元に渡っていない。
Thousands of people are still living in temporary shelters without any belongings, having lost everything in the tsunami. They urgently need money just to get by. We hope the donated cash will reach them as soon as possible.
津波によって何もかも流され、着のみ着のまま避難所にいる人も多い。当座のお金にも困っているはずだ。一刻も早く義援金を配ってもらいたい。
On April 8, the secretariat of the committee in charge of distributing donations, which has been established in the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry, decided on distribution details of the first batch of donations. Families will receive 350,000 yen for each person who was killed in the disaster or remains missing, and owners of houses that were destroyed will receive 350,000 yen and people whose homes have been severely damaged will get 180,000 yen.
今回、義援金配分割合決定委員会の事務局は厚生労働省が務め、今月８日に第１次配分の基準額を決めた。亡くなった人の遺族や行方不明の人の家族に３５万円、家の被害は全壊が３５万円、半壊が１８万円――などだ。
===
Distribution too slow
The donations will be distributed based of these criteria. Prefectural governments will add some money of their own before handing the cash to disaster victims through city, town and village governments.
これをもとに被災各県に配分され、県が独自に金額を上乗せするといった手続きを経て、市町村から被災者に渡される。
The reality, however, is that some disaster-struck municipalities have only just started offering application procedures for receiving donations.
だが、ようやく一部自治体で申請手続きが始まったというのが現状である。
After the Great Hanshin Earthquake, the amount of the first distribution of donations was decided 12 days after the disaster, with people whose homes were destroyed receiving 100,000 yen in the initial payouts. Compared with this, decisions on donation distribution criteria and the payment process to victims of last month's quake and tsunami have been pointedly slow. Many people who generously made donations also probably feel frustrated by this situation.
阪神大震災では発生から１２日後に第１次配分額が決まり、家が全半壊した人などにまず１０万円が支給された。それに比べると配分基準の決定も支給も遅い。義援金を託した人の方も、もどかしさを感じているのではないか。
The immense devastation wrought by the disaster has made it all but impossible for many disaster-hit municipalities to accurately assess the damage to individual households. Administrative functions of some city, town and village governments have been so badly eroded that they are unable to address the task of distributing donations.
今回は、被害があまりにも甚大で、世帯ごとの被災状況をまだつかみきれない、という自治体が少なくない。役場の行政機能が大きく損なわれ、義援金の支給まで手が回らない市町村もある。
To alleviate this situation, the central government, prefectural governments outside the disaster zone and other entities should send personnel to lend a hand with clerical work needed to pass donations to disaster survivors.
この面での事務作業にも、国や県、他地域の自治体から応援要員が必要だ。
===
Make payments uniform
We think a uniform provisional payment should be given to people with damaged homes, rather than wasting time worrying over whether a house should be categorized as "destroyed" or "partially damaged."
家屋は全壊か半壊かといった厳格な認定はおいて、暫定的な一律支給も検討すべきではないか。
A closer examination of the degree of damage can wait until the second round of donation distributions.
被害の程度については、第２次以降の配分時までに確定すればいい。
Cash will be very helpful to disaster victims. These initial payments should be made flexibly and swiftly.
とりあえずの金額だけでも被災者は助かるだろう。柔軟なやり方で支給を急ぐべきだ。
Given the staggering death toll and number of people still unaccounted for, as well as the scale of property damage, much more money will need to be collected.
犠牲者の数や被害の大きさを考えれば、より多くの義援金を集める必要がある。
First of all, the initial batch of donations must be distributed without a hitch to people who desperately need it. This will be a springboard for the next round of support and financial aid.
まずは、被災者に最初の義援金を役立ててもらいたい。それが次の支援の原動力になる。
It also will be a message of acknowledgement from Japan to people around the world who have sent their goodwill to disaster victims.
善意を寄せてくれた世界の人たちへ、日本からの感謝のメッセージにもなろう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 23, 2011)
（2011年4月23日01時26分 読売新聞）
2011/04/23
３・１１後の外交 萎縮せず国際的役割を果たせ
The Yomiuri Shimbun (Apr. 23, 2011)
Japan should fulfill global responsibility
３・１１後の外交 萎縮せず国際的役割を果たせ（4月22日付・読売社説）
What foreign policy should Japan conduct in the wake of the Great East Japan Earthquake?
東日本大震災を踏まえて、日本はどんな外交を展開すべきか。
We think the government should engage actively with the international community without becoming inward-looking. This will strengthen the nation's vitality and advance reconstruction.
内向き姿勢に陥らず、国際社会に積極的に関与することが、国家の活力を高め、復興を進めるうえでも重要となろう。
Prime Minister Naoto Kan held talks with visiting Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard on Thursday. They agreed to boost bilateral cooperation in areas of energy and disaster relief activities. Japan must use such occasions to clearly express its determination toward reconstruction and revitalization.
菅首相が２１日、来日したギラード豪首相と会談し、エネルギーや災害救援の分野で日豪協力を強化することで一致した。こうした場で、日本は復興・再生への決意を明確に発信することが肝要だ。
The foreign ministers of Japan and of the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations met in Indonesia on April 9. Indonesia proposed to fellow ASEAN members the idea of holding the special meeting with Japan, saying it was the ASEAN nations' turn to demonstrate solidarity with Japan because it has supported them for many years.
今月９日にはインドネシアで、日本と東南アジア諸国連合の特別外相会議が開かれた。インドネシアが「長年支援してくれた日本に我々が連帯を示す番だ」と開催を呼びかけ、実現したものだ。
Since the March 11 earthquake and tsunami, more than 170 countries and international organizations have offered to help Japan, and many have already provided assistance. All of this is because Japan has developed cooperative ties with them and supported them in the past.
震災後、１７０以上の国や国際機関が日本支援を表明・実施しているのは、日本が各国と連携し、援助してきたからこそだ。
===
Keep a global perspective
Reconstruction of areas devastated by the earthquake and tsunami will require a huge amount of money and manpower. But Japan must not become so preoccupied with domestic concerns that it ignores its role in the international community and fails to look at things from a global viewpoint.
被災地の復興には、膨大な資金と人手を要するだろう。だが、国内だけに気をとられ、国際的な視点と役割を忘れてはなるまい。
First, the government should minimize reduction of official development assistance.
まず、政府開発援助（ＯＤＡ）の削減は極力避けたい。
The government initially considered cutting appropriations for ODA, which were set at 572.7 billion yen in total in the initial budget for fiscal 2011, by 20 percent to free up funds for the first supplementary budget aimed at recovery and reconstruction after the earthquake and tsunami.
政府は、復旧・復興対策の第１次補正予算の財源として、５７２７億円のＯＤＡの２割減を検討した。
The idea of cutting money in an area of least resistance seemed like a simple idea. But many voices were raised against it, forcing the government to downsize the reduction to 10 percent.
削りやすい分野を削るという安易な発想だったが、異論が噴出し、削減幅を１割減に抑えた。
The nation's ODA budget has been decreasing for 12 straight years and is now at only half of its peak. Japan's world ranking in terms of ODA budget also declined from first place to fifth. During that period, Japan's international influence has declined as emerging economies rise.
日本のＯＤＡ予算は１２年連続で減少し、今はピーク時の半分だ。かつての世界１位から５位に転落した。この間、新興国の台頭もあり、日本の発言力は低下した。
The nation has to continue international contributions matching its position as the third largest economic power in the world to maintain its international influence.
国際社会での影響力を維持するには、世界３位の経済大国に見合う貢献を続ける必要がある。
Meanwhile, the government should not postpone a decision on whether to participate in negotiations over the Trans-Pacific Partnership free trade treaty with the other Asian and Pacific countries. Though the Kan administration said it would make a decision on TPP in June, all the negotiating work in Japan and abroad has been suspended in the wake of the disaster.
環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）への参加問題も、先送りすべきではない。菅政権は６月に結論を出すとしていたが、震災後は国内外の調整作業が止まっている。
Nine countries, including the United States and Australia, are aiming to conclude TPP negotiations in November. We hope Japan will proceed steadily with domestic agricultural reforms and negotiations with concerned countries so that it would not be left behind.
１１月の妥結を目指す米豪など９か国に日本が取り残されないように、国内農業改革や関係国との交渉を着実に進めたい。
===
Let SDF help elsewhere
It is also significant for the nation to maintain engagement with U.N. peacekeeping operations. Self-Defense Forces' performance in dealing with the disaster has been remarkable.
The government should not limit the activities of the SDF to Japan. It should positively consider sending SDF units to Southern Sudan after independence and to other parts of the world to participate in PKOs.
国連平和維持活動（ＰＫＯ）への関与も大切だ。大震災で自衛隊は大きな実績を上げたが、国内活動だけにとどまらず、南部スーダン独立後のＰＫＯなどへの参加を前向きに検討すべきだ。
Cooperation in disaster preparedness and response as well as measures to secure the safety of nuclear power plants will be important agenda items in diplomacy among major countries this year. Attention will focus particularly on Japan's actions in response to its disasters.
今年の主要国の外交では、防災協力と原子力発電所の安全確保が重要議題となる。特に、被災国の日本の行動は注目されよう。
Japan should learn various lessons from its own experiences with the earthquake, tsunami and the ongoing crisis at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant. Then, it should lead discussions among major nations by making concrete proposals on what form international cooperation should take. That would be one way to return the favor for their assistance to Japan.
震災や原発事故の体験から様々な教訓をくみ取って、あるべき国際協力について具体的に提言し、議論をリードする。それが、各国の支援への恩返しともなる。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 22, 2011)
（2011年4月22日01時23分 読売新聞）
Japan should fulfill global responsibility
３・１１後の外交 萎縮せず国際的役割を果たせ（4月22日付・読売社説）
What foreign policy should Japan conduct in the wake of the Great East Japan Earthquake?
東日本大震災を踏まえて、日本はどんな外交を展開すべきか。
We think the government should engage actively with the international community without becoming inward-looking. This will strengthen the nation's vitality and advance reconstruction.
内向き姿勢に陥らず、国際社会に積極的に関与することが、国家の活力を高め、復興を進めるうえでも重要となろう。
Prime Minister Naoto Kan held talks with visiting Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard on Thursday. They agreed to boost bilateral cooperation in areas of energy and disaster relief activities. Japan must use such occasions to clearly express its determination toward reconstruction and revitalization.
菅首相が２１日、来日したギラード豪首相と会談し、エネルギーや災害救援の分野で日豪協力を強化することで一致した。こうした場で、日本は復興・再生への決意を明確に発信することが肝要だ。
The foreign ministers of Japan and of the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations met in Indonesia on April 9. Indonesia proposed to fellow ASEAN members the idea of holding the special meeting with Japan, saying it was the ASEAN nations' turn to demonstrate solidarity with Japan because it has supported them for many years.
今月９日にはインドネシアで、日本と東南アジア諸国連合の特別外相会議が開かれた。インドネシアが「長年支援してくれた日本に我々が連帯を示す番だ」と開催を呼びかけ、実現したものだ。
Since the March 11 earthquake and tsunami, more than 170 countries and international organizations have offered to help Japan, and many have already provided assistance. All of this is because Japan has developed cooperative ties with them and supported them in the past.
震災後、１７０以上の国や国際機関が日本支援を表明・実施しているのは、日本が各国と連携し、援助してきたからこそだ。
===
Keep a global perspective
Reconstruction of areas devastated by the earthquake and tsunami will require a huge amount of money and manpower. But Japan must not become so preoccupied with domestic concerns that it ignores its role in the international community and fails to look at things from a global viewpoint.
被災地の復興には、膨大な資金と人手を要するだろう。だが、国内だけに気をとられ、国際的な視点と役割を忘れてはなるまい。
First, the government should minimize reduction of official development assistance.
まず、政府開発援助（ＯＤＡ）の削減は極力避けたい。
The government initially considered cutting appropriations for ODA, which were set at 572.7 billion yen in total in the initial budget for fiscal 2011, by 20 percent to free up funds for the first supplementary budget aimed at recovery and reconstruction after the earthquake and tsunami.
政府は、復旧・復興対策の第１次補正予算の財源として、５７２７億円のＯＤＡの２割減を検討した。
The idea of cutting money in an area of least resistance seemed like a simple idea. But many voices were raised against it, forcing the government to downsize the reduction to 10 percent.
削りやすい分野を削るという安易な発想だったが、異論が噴出し、削減幅を１割減に抑えた。
The nation's ODA budget has been decreasing for 12 straight years and is now at only half of its peak. Japan's world ranking in terms of ODA budget also declined from first place to fifth. During that period, Japan's international influence has declined as emerging economies rise.
日本のＯＤＡ予算は１２年連続で減少し、今はピーク時の半分だ。かつての世界１位から５位に転落した。この間、新興国の台頭もあり、日本の発言力は低下した。
The nation has to continue international contributions matching its position as the third largest economic power in the world to maintain its international influence.
国際社会での影響力を維持するには、世界３位の経済大国に見合う貢献を続ける必要がある。
Meanwhile, the government should not postpone a decision on whether to participate in negotiations over the Trans-Pacific Partnership free trade treaty with the other Asian and Pacific countries. Though the Kan administration said it would make a decision on TPP in June, all the negotiating work in Japan and abroad has been suspended in the wake of the disaster.
環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）への参加問題も、先送りすべきではない。菅政権は６月に結論を出すとしていたが、震災後は国内外の調整作業が止まっている。
Nine countries, including the United States and Australia, are aiming to conclude TPP negotiations in November. We hope Japan will proceed steadily with domestic agricultural reforms and negotiations with concerned countries so that it would not be left behind.
１１月の妥結を目指す米豪など９か国に日本が取り残されないように、国内農業改革や関係国との交渉を着実に進めたい。
===
Let SDF help elsewhere
It is also significant for the nation to maintain engagement with U.N. peacekeeping operations. Self-Defense Forces' performance in dealing with the disaster has been remarkable.
The government should not limit the activities of the SDF to Japan. It should positively consider sending SDF units to Southern Sudan after independence and to other parts of the world to participate in PKOs.
国連平和維持活動（ＰＫＯ）への関与も大切だ。大震災で自衛隊は大きな実績を上げたが、国内活動だけにとどまらず、南部スーダン独立後のＰＫＯなどへの参加を前向きに検討すべきだ。
Cooperation in disaster preparedness and response as well as measures to secure the safety of nuclear power plants will be important agenda items in diplomacy among major countries this year. Attention will focus particularly on Japan's actions in response to its disasters.
今年の主要国の外交では、防災協力と原子力発電所の安全確保が重要議題となる。特に、被災国の日本の行動は注目されよう。
Japan should learn various lessons from its own experiences with the earthquake, tsunami and the ongoing crisis at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant. Then, it should lead discussions among major nations by making concrete proposals on what form international cooperation should take. That would be one way to return the favor for their assistance to Japan.
震災や原発事故の体験から様々な教訓をくみ取って、あるべき国際協力について具体的に提言し、議論をリードする。それが、各国の支援への恩返しともなる。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 22, 2011)
（2011年4月22日01時23分 読売新聞）
2011/04/22
原発作業員 工程表に「人」の支援も
(Mainichi Japan) April 21, 2011
TEPCO should incorporate measures to support workers in nuke plant roadmap
社説：原発作業員 工程表に「人」の支援も
The Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant, hit hard by a massive tsunami generated by the March 11 earthquake, has managed to avoid catastrophe thanks to the efforts of workers who are trying hard to place the power station under control.
福島第１原発がなんとか事態の悪化を免れているのは、現場で必死の作業をしている人々のおかげだ。
More than 40 days have passed since the plant was hit by the disaster, and workers' fatigue and stress have certainly reached an alarming level.
事故発生から４０日を過ぎ、彼らの疲れもストレスも、ぎりぎりのところまで高まっているに違いない。
It is expected to take six to nine months before the plant can be placed under control, according to a roadmap released earlier this week by its operator, Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO).
東電が今週公表した工程表では、原発が一定の安定を保つ「冷温停止」までに６～９カ月かかるという。
However, it is feared that the work will actually take far longer.
しかし、実際にはもっと長期間かかる可能性が高い。
Photos taken by remote-controlled robots illustrate severe conditions in the buildings housing the crippled reactors.
ロボットを使った建屋の撮影などでも厳しい環境が改めて明らかになっている。
Many of the workers are crying out for help.
こうした状況の中で一歩ずつ歩みを進めていくには、現場で作業する人々への支援がなにより大事だ。
しかし、現場から聞こえてくるのは胸の痛むような実態だ。
It is extremely important for TEPCO and the government to step up support for employees who are working hard under such severe conditions.
東京電力や政府は、もっと強力な支援体制作りを急がなくてはいけない。
A doctor who inspected TEPCO employees working at the plant has revealed that they are forced to sleep at a gymnasium attached to the Fukushima No. 2 Nuclear Power Plant after working at the No. 1 plant.
東電社員を現場で診察した産業医によると、福島第１で作業を終えた人は第２原発の体育館で雑魚寝している。
They cannot take a bath everyday and eat mostly canned and instant food.
入浴できる日も限られ、食事は缶詰やレトルトが中心だという。
Furthermore, many of them have been evacuated from their home situated in disaster-hit areas or had their residences damaged, and are mentally distressed.
自らが被災者の人も多く、精神的にも厳しい状況に置かれている。
TEPCO subcontract workers are also engaged in efforts to place the crippled plant under control.
現場では下請け会社の人々も働く。
The company should ensure that all its workers have proper food and can take a bath on a daily basis, and that they can receive mental care.
すべての人に、食事や入浴といった基本的生活に加え、心理面のケアを提供してほしい。
A system should be created to allow workers to receive treatment from mental health specialists.
誰もが産業医の診察を受けられる体制も必要だ。
The severity of the labor that the workers are engaged in while being dressed in sealed-up protective gear is beyond imagination.
目張りした防護服に身を包んでの作業の厳しさも並大抵ではない。
The rainy season will begin in June, which will be followed by summer.
これから梅雨に入り、その後には夏がくる。
An urgent task is to consider how work can be carried out in a suitable manner that reflects the climate and seasons.
気候に合わせた作業の在り方の検討も急を要する。
It is the job of TEPCO management as well as its task force to implement measures to improve the working environment for the workers.
こうした体制作りは、東電本社や対策本部の仕事だ。
They must promptly take action before the workers start making demands.
現場からの要求を待つのではなく、先回りして手を打っていかなくてはいけない。
The lack of management's understanding of the working environment at the plant could lead to a blunder or a delay in the work.
現場に対する想像力の欠如は、作業のミスや停滞につながる。
Even after TEPCO manages to place the plant under control, it does not mean an end to the work.
原発を冷温停止に持ち込めても、作業は終わらない。
It will take many years to decontaminate the facility and remove radioactive substances and fuel from the plant.
施設の除染や放射性廃棄物の撤去、燃料の取り出しなどに長い年月がかかる。
Similar work lasted for 14 years following the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant crisis that occurred in the United States in 1979.
７９年に米国で起きたスリーマイル島原発事故では、こうした作業が終わるまでに１４年かかった。
It is anticipated the work at the Fukushima plant will take longer.
福島第１ではさらに長くかかるだろう。
Considering the need to secure help from skilled workers, it is necessary to monitor the level of radiation exposure.
長期にわたって熟練した作業員の力を借りる必要があることを思えば、放射線管理も注意深く行わなくてはいけない。
It must be ensured that all workers carry dosimeters.
被ばく量を測る線量計が個人個人に行きわたらないようなことがあってはならない。
If the work is prolonged, the power supplier will be forced to suspend workers at the plant one after another to prevent them from being exposed to radiation in excess of the legal limit, causing a serious shortage of personnel. 作業が長引けば、被ばく量が限度を超える人が続出し、人手が足りなくなることもありうる。
To avoid such a situation, TEPCO must work out a plan on personnel management from a long-term perspective. そうしたことがないよう、長期的視点で計画を立てるべきだ。
It may also have to train new workers.
新たに人材を育成する必要もあるかもしれない。
TEPCO's roadmap only mentions equipment at the plant.
工程表には設備のことしか書かれていない。
However, it is human resources that will place the plant under control.
しかし、事故を収束させるのは人だ。
Therefore, measures to extend support for workers should be incorporated in the roadmap.
作業員の支援は工程表に盛り込んでしかるべきだ。
毎日新聞 2011年4月21日 東京朝刊
TEPCO should incorporate measures to support workers in nuke plant roadmap
社説：原発作業員 工程表に「人」の支援も
The Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant, hit hard by a massive tsunami generated by the March 11 earthquake, has managed to avoid catastrophe thanks to the efforts of workers who are trying hard to place the power station under control.
福島第１原発がなんとか事態の悪化を免れているのは、現場で必死の作業をしている人々のおかげだ。
More than 40 days have passed since the plant was hit by the disaster, and workers' fatigue and stress have certainly reached an alarming level.
事故発生から４０日を過ぎ、彼らの疲れもストレスも、ぎりぎりのところまで高まっているに違いない。
It is expected to take six to nine months before the plant can be placed under control, according to a roadmap released earlier this week by its operator, Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO).
東電が今週公表した工程表では、原発が一定の安定を保つ「冷温停止」までに６～９カ月かかるという。
However, it is feared that the work will actually take far longer.
しかし、実際にはもっと長期間かかる可能性が高い。
Photos taken by remote-controlled robots illustrate severe conditions in the buildings housing the crippled reactors.
ロボットを使った建屋の撮影などでも厳しい環境が改めて明らかになっている。
Many of the workers are crying out for help.
こうした状況の中で一歩ずつ歩みを進めていくには、現場で作業する人々への支援がなにより大事だ。
しかし、現場から聞こえてくるのは胸の痛むような実態だ。
It is extremely important for TEPCO and the government to step up support for employees who are working hard under such severe conditions.
東京電力や政府は、もっと強力な支援体制作りを急がなくてはいけない。
A doctor who inspected TEPCO employees working at the plant has revealed that they are forced to sleep at a gymnasium attached to the Fukushima No. 2 Nuclear Power Plant after working at the No. 1 plant.
東電社員を現場で診察した産業医によると、福島第１で作業を終えた人は第２原発の体育館で雑魚寝している。
They cannot take a bath everyday and eat mostly canned and instant food.
入浴できる日も限られ、食事は缶詰やレトルトが中心だという。
Furthermore, many of them have been evacuated from their home situated in disaster-hit areas or had their residences damaged, and are mentally distressed.
自らが被災者の人も多く、精神的にも厳しい状況に置かれている。
TEPCO subcontract workers are also engaged in efforts to place the crippled plant under control.
現場では下請け会社の人々も働く。
The company should ensure that all its workers have proper food and can take a bath on a daily basis, and that they can receive mental care.
すべての人に、食事や入浴といった基本的生活に加え、心理面のケアを提供してほしい。
A system should be created to allow workers to receive treatment from mental health specialists.
誰もが産業医の診察を受けられる体制も必要だ。
The severity of the labor that the workers are engaged in while being dressed in sealed-up protective gear is beyond imagination.
目張りした防護服に身を包んでの作業の厳しさも並大抵ではない。
The rainy season will begin in June, which will be followed by summer.
これから梅雨に入り、その後には夏がくる。
An urgent task is to consider how work can be carried out in a suitable manner that reflects the climate and seasons.
気候に合わせた作業の在り方の検討も急を要する。
It is the job of TEPCO management as well as its task force to implement measures to improve the working environment for the workers.
こうした体制作りは、東電本社や対策本部の仕事だ。
They must promptly take action before the workers start making demands.
現場からの要求を待つのではなく、先回りして手を打っていかなくてはいけない。
The lack of management's understanding of the working environment at the plant could lead to a blunder or a delay in the work.
現場に対する想像力の欠如は、作業のミスや停滞につながる。
Even after TEPCO manages to place the plant under control, it does not mean an end to the work.
原発を冷温停止に持ち込めても、作業は終わらない。
It will take many years to decontaminate the facility and remove radioactive substances and fuel from the plant.
施設の除染や放射性廃棄物の撤去、燃料の取り出しなどに長い年月がかかる。
Similar work lasted for 14 years following the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant crisis that occurred in the United States in 1979.
７９年に米国で起きたスリーマイル島原発事故では、こうした作業が終わるまでに１４年かかった。
It is anticipated the work at the Fukushima plant will take longer.
福島第１ではさらに長くかかるだろう。
Considering the need to secure help from skilled workers, it is necessary to monitor the level of radiation exposure.
長期にわたって熟練した作業員の力を借りる必要があることを思えば、放射線管理も注意深く行わなくてはいけない。
It must be ensured that all workers carry dosimeters.
被ばく量を測る線量計が個人個人に行きわたらないようなことがあってはならない。
If the work is prolonged, the power supplier will be forced to suspend workers at the plant one after another to prevent them from being exposed to radiation in excess of the legal limit, causing a serious shortage of personnel. 作業が長引けば、被ばく量が限度を超える人が続出し、人手が足りなくなることもありうる。
To avoid such a situation, TEPCO must work out a plan on personnel management from a long-term perspective. そうしたことがないよう、長期的視点で計画を立てるべきだ。
It may also have to train new workers.
新たに人材を育成する必要もあるかもしれない。
TEPCO's roadmap only mentions equipment at the plant.
工程表には設備のことしか書かれていない。
However, it is human resources that will place the plant under control.
しかし、事故を収束させるのは人だ。
Therefore, measures to extend support for workers should be incorporated in the roadmap.
作業員の支援は工程表に盛り込んでしかるべきだ。
毎日新聞 2011年4月21日 東京朝刊
2011/04/21
原発工程表―これ以上悪くせず前へ
2011/04/20
--The Asahi Shimbun, April 19
EDITORIAL: TEPCO must prepare for additional risks in taming Fukushima crisis
原発工程表―これ以上悪くせず前へ
Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO) has set a specific time frame for its long battle to end the nuclear crisis. The company on April 17 unveiled a road map for stabilizing the dangerous situation at its Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant, which was severely damaged by the March 11 earthquake and tsunami.
「長い闘い」の長さが、数字で見えてきた。福島第一原発の事故収束をめぐって、東京電力が発表した工程表である。
In the first stage of the plan, which will take about three months, measures will be taken to ensure stable and safe cooling of the damaged reactors and spent fuel pools.
３カ月くらいかけて、事故炉や燃料プールを安定して冷却できるようにする。
In the second stage, steps will be made to bring the reactors to a stable state of cold shutdown in a process expected to require three to six months to complete.
その後３～６カ月ほどで、炉を冷温停止状態に落ち着かせる。
It will take even longer to rebuild the lives of people living in areas around the ravaged nuclear power plant.
TEPCO admitted for the first time that it will take as many as six to nine months just to put the sources of radioactivity under control, which is a prerequisite for Fukushima evacuees to return home and restart their lives.
原発周辺の人々の生活再建はさらに長い闘いになるが、その前提である放射能源の制圧だけでも６～９カ月かかることを、東電は初めて認めた。
The continuous pouring of water on the reactors and the pools have prevented the No. 1 to No. 4 units at the plant from running out of control.
福島第一の１～４号機は今、炉やプールに水を注ぎ続けることで小康が保たれている。
If this makeshift measure fails, the risk of a massive release of radioactive materials will grow sharply, forcing the government to reconsider again its policy concerning the evacuation of residents in the surrounding areas.
これが破綻（はたん）したら、放射性物質のさらなる大量放出の恐れが高まり、周辺地域の避難のあり方を再び見直すことにもなろう。
That would place far severer strains on the residents than the already heavy burdens they are bearing now.
そうなれば、住民が背負う重荷は今の比ではない。
The utility needs to execute its plan for containing the crisis under such circumstances. What is the most important is to prevent the situation from becoming any worse.
こうしたなかでの収束作戦である。なによりも強く求められているのは、これ以上悪い状態にしない、ということだ。
First and foremost, the company needs to be properly prepared for unpredictable events that may occur.
まず備えるべきは、不測の出来事だ。
The biggest fear is a possible disruption in external power supply that causes the water injection to stop, which happened after a recent huge aftershock.
とりわけ怖いのは、先日の大きな余震のときのように外部電源が途絶え、注水が止まることである。
TEPCO's blueprint refers to such risks as aftershocks and lightning strikes, indicating that the company is trying to figure out ways to enhance the external power supply system. This should be done swiftly.
工程表も余震や落雷などのリスクに触れ、外部電源系の補強を考えているようだ。この対策は急務といえよう。
Easing this emergency requires working on reactors and fuel pools that cannot be inspected from up close due to high levels of radiation.
事故収束に向けた作業は、近づいて中をのぞくことのできない炉やプールを相手にする。
It is certain that the fix-it plan will have to be reviewed after each step is taken.
工程を一歩進めるごとに見直しを迫られるのは必至だ。
The company must not be so focused on carrying out the scheduled plan that it overlooks a big problem.
期限にばかり気をとられて急ぐあまり、大きな問題点を見逃すことがあってはならない。
The road map raises concerns about whether the number of workers needed to carry through the lengthy process can be secured.
工程表を見て気にかかるのは長丁場に必要な人力だ。
The plan requires a raft of tough and risky tasks, like sealing the container vessel of the No. 2 reactor and reinforcing the structure supporting the fuel pool for the No. 4 reactor. We wonder how many workers will be needed to perform these jobs.
２号機格納容器の密閉や、４号機の燃料プール周辺の補強など難しい作業が列挙されているが、それらにどれだけの作業員がかかわるのだろうか。
Workers will face the risk of being exposed to high levels of radiation.
現場は、放射線を浴びる危険が大きい。
At the entrance to the building housing the No. 1 reactor, for instance, a level of radiation recently detected was so high that working for just an hour at the location would expose the worker to more radiation than the upper limit.
１号機建屋の入り口では、作業員が１時間いるだけで被曝（ひばく）線量限度を超える放射線が測定された。
TEPCO's plan duly acknowledges the risk by pointing out the concern that long-term work at places with high levels of radiation may be required.
工程表にも「放射線レベルの高い場所で、作業が長期化する恐れ」が明記されている。
Workers must be replaced regularly before they are exposed to excessive amounts of radiation.
同じ人にずっと働いてもらうわけにはいかない。
In addition, all of the damaged No. 1 to No. 4 reactor buildings are releasing radiation. That means the measures prescribed must be taken simultaneously at all the four buildings.
さらに、放射能源を封じなくてはならないのは１～４号機のすべてで、これらの作業を同時に進めなくてはならない。
The manpower that can be provided by TEPCO, the reactor makers and their affiliates may be far from enough to carry out all these tasks.
東電や原子炉メーカー、関連会社の人たちだけでは、とても追いつかないかもしれない。
Two key challenges in the mission are how to secure a sufficient number of workers, including reinforcements, and how to protect the health of these workers.
応援を含め、要員をどうやって確保するか。一線で働く人たちの健康をどう守っていくか。
The government is also taking on a heavy responsibility by accepting TEPCO's road map to safety at the crippled nuclear power plant.
政府も、この工程表を受け入れる以上は責任が重い。
--The Asahi Shimbun, April 19
EDITORIAL: TEPCO must prepare for additional risks in taming Fukushima crisis
原発工程表―これ以上悪くせず前へ
Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO) has set a specific time frame for its long battle to end the nuclear crisis. The company on April 17 unveiled a road map for stabilizing the dangerous situation at its Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant, which was severely damaged by the March 11 earthquake and tsunami.
「長い闘い」の長さが、数字で見えてきた。福島第一原発の事故収束をめぐって、東京電力が発表した工程表である。
In the first stage of the plan, which will take about three months, measures will be taken to ensure stable and safe cooling of the damaged reactors and spent fuel pools.
３カ月くらいかけて、事故炉や燃料プールを安定して冷却できるようにする。
In the second stage, steps will be made to bring the reactors to a stable state of cold shutdown in a process expected to require three to six months to complete.
その後３～６カ月ほどで、炉を冷温停止状態に落ち着かせる。
It will take even longer to rebuild the lives of people living in areas around the ravaged nuclear power plant.
TEPCO admitted for the first time that it will take as many as six to nine months just to put the sources of radioactivity under control, which is a prerequisite for Fukushima evacuees to return home and restart their lives.
原発周辺の人々の生活再建はさらに長い闘いになるが、その前提である放射能源の制圧だけでも６～９カ月かかることを、東電は初めて認めた。
The continuous pouring of water on the reactors and the pools have prevented the No. 1 to No. 4 units at the plant from running out of control.
福島第一の１～４号機は今、炉やプールに水を注ぎ続けることで小康が保たれている。
If this makeshift measure fails, the risk of a massive release of radioactive materials will grow sharply, forcing the government to reconsider again its policy concerning the evacuation of residents in the surrounding areas.
これが破綻（はたん）したら、放射性物質のさらなる大量放出の恐れが高まり、周辺地域の避難のあり方を再び見直すことにもなろう。
That would place far severer strains on the residents than the already heavy burdens they are bearing now.
そうなれば、住民が背負う重荷は今の比ではない。
The utility needs to execute its plan for containing the crisis under such circumstances. What is the most important is to prevent the situation from becoming any worse.
こうしたなかでの収束作戦である。なによりも強く求められているのは、これ以上悪い状態にしない、ということだ。
First and foremost, the company needs to be properly prepared for unpredictable events that may occur.
まず備えるべきは、不測の出来事だ。
The biggest fear is a possible disruption in external power supply that causes the water injection to stop, which happened after a recent huge aftershock.
とりわけ怖いのは、先日の大きな余震のときのように外部電源が途絶え、注水が止まることである。
TEPCO's blueprint refers to such risks as aftershocks and lightning strikes, indicating that the company is trying to figure out ways to enhance the external power supply system. This should be done swiftly.
工程表も余震や落雷などのリスクに触れ、外部電源系の補強を考えているようだ。この対策は急務といえよう。
Easing this emergency requires working on reactors and fuel pools that cannot be inspected from up close due to high levels of radiation.
事故収束に向けた作業は、近づいて中をのぞくことのできない炉やプールを相手にする。
It is certain that the fix-it plan will have to be reviewed after each step is taken.
工程を一歩進めるごとに見直しを迫られるのは必至だ。
The company must not be so focused on carrying out the scheduled plan that it overlooks a big problem.
期限にばかり気をとられて急ぐあまり、大きな問題点を見逃すことがあってはならない。
The road map raises concerns about whether the number of workers needed to carry through the lengthy process can be secured.
工程表を見て気にかかるのは長丁場に必要な人力だ。
The plan requires a raft of tough and risky tasks, like sealing the container vessel of the No. 2 reactor and reinforcing the structure supporting the fuel pool for the No. 4 reactor. We wonder how many workers will be needed to perform these jobs.
２号機格納容器の密閉や、４号機の燃料プール周辺の補強など難しい作業が列挙されているが、それらにどれだけの作業員がかかわるのだろうか。
Workers will face the risk of being exposed to high levels of radiation.
現場は、放射線を浴びる危険が大きい。
At the entrance to the building housing the No. 1 reactor, for instance, a level of radiation recently detected was so high that working for just an hour at the location would expose the worker to more radiation than the upper limit.
１号機建屋の入り口では、作業員が１時間いるだけで被曝（ひばく）線量限度を超える放射線が測定された。
TEPCO's plan duly acknowledges the risk by pointing out the concern that long-term work at places with high levels of radiation may be required.
工程表にも「放射線レベルの高い場所で、作業が長期化する恐れ」が明記されている。
Workers must be replaced regularly before they are exposed to excessive amounts of radiation.
同じ人にずっと働いてもらうわけにはいかない。
In addition, all of the damaged No. 1 to No. 4 reactor buildings are releasing radiation. That means the measures prescribed must be taken simultaneously at all the four buildings.
さらに、放射能源を封じなくてはならないのは１～４号機のすべてで、これらの作業を同時に進めなくてはならない。
The manpower that can be provided by TEPCO, the reactor makers and their affiliates may be far from enough to carry out all these tasks.
東電や原子炉メーカー、関連会社の人たちだけでは、とても追いつかないかもしれない。
Two key challenges in the mission are how to secure a sufficient number of workers, including reinforcements, and how to protect the health of these workers.
応援を含め、要員をどうやって確保するか。一線で働く人たちの健康をどう守っていくか。
The government is also taking on a heavy responsibility by accepting TEPCO's road map to safety at the crippled nuclear power plant.
政府も、この工程表を受け入れる以上は責任が重い。
2011/04/18
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：震災から１カ月
香山リカさんは精神科医師としては心が優しすぎるなって感じました。
（スラチャイ記）
(Mainichi Japan) April 17, 2011
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Emotions on the one-month anniversary of the earthquake
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：震災から１カ月 ／東京
More than one month has now passed since the devastating earthquake and tsunami.
震災から１カ月。
We have all spent the time since then in our own ways, but there may be those who recently found themselves vividly remembering that day one month ago, once again being assaulted by fear or sadness.
それぞれの人が、それぞれのすごし方をしたはずだ。
中には、１カ月前のあの日のことが生々しく思い出され、恐怖、悲しみが再び襲ってきた、という人もいるのではないだろうか。
There may even be those who have become physically ill, even as they were just getting their lives back on track.
生活がやっと元のリズムに戻りつつあったのに、また体調が悪くなったという人もいるかもしれない。
A person's emotional state becoming highly unsettled on the weekly, monthly, or yearly anniversary of some big event is a known phenomenon in psychiatry, and it in itself is neither a disease nor is it abnormal.
大きなできごとから１週間、１カ月、１年など節目節目のときに、感情が激しく揺れてしまう。これは、精神医学の世界で「記念日反応」と呼ばれる現象で、それ自体は異常でも病気でもない。
One cause of it can be emphasis placed on such anniversaries by television programs and newspapers.
テレビや新聞が「あれから１カ月」と強調するのも、この反応の引き金になることがある。
However, as much as one tells oneself that "this is not abnormal," the emotional disturbance itself can be very hard to bear, and some people may take a further emotional hit by seeing a reversal in themselves after they thought they had made progress in recovering.
ただ、いくら「異常ではないのだ」と思っても、それ自体はとてもつらく、「少しは立ち直ったはずだったのに」と感情の揺り戻しにショックを受ける人もいるだろう。
In the case of the recent disasters, the continuing aftershocks and developments at the nuclear power plant may have aggravated this anniversary phenomenon.
とくに、繰り返す余震や原発事故への不安が、１カ月目の心の反応をよりシビアなものにしているおそれがある。
Preventing the occurrence of this anniversary reaction might not be possible.
この記念日反応自体が起こらないようにするのは、正直言ってむずかしい。
However, just knowing of its existence should take away some of the emotional burden of those experiencing it.
ただ、そういうものがあると知っておくだけでも、心は少しラクになるはずだ。
If you find yourself thinking, "Lately, I feel somehow anxious, and I'm often crying," you can then think, "Ah wait, this may be my reaction to the one-month anniversary.
It can happen to anyone, and it's OK," and it may become easier to let those bad feelings pass.
「最近、なんだかまた心がざわつくな。涙もよくこぼれるし。そうか、これが１カ月目あたりの記念日反応なのか」と思うと、「誰でもなることなんだから、だいじょうぶ」とやり過ごしやすくなるのではないか。
Furthermore, if one intentionally makes oneself aware of anniversaries and then passes them with an activity like offering a silent prayer, then I think one can reduce the feelings of uneasiness.
また節目の時を自分であえて「あれから半年か」などと意識して、静かに祈りの時をすごすなどすれば、えたいの知れない感情による動揺を減らせると思う。
Thinking about it, after a disaster this huge, it is only natural that the path to recovery will not be a simple and straight one.
考えてみれば、これだけの大災害なのだから、立ち直りの道のりが一直線でないのも、あたり前。
It is extremely normal that people would feel anxiety during anniversary periods, going from having somewhat positive attitudes back to gloomy ones, and from having energy to losing it.
節目の時期に気持ちが揺れるのは、ごく自然のことだ。少し前向きになったかと思うとまた落ち込み、やる気があふれてきたはずなのに突然、無気力になる。
Even if there are ups and downs, as long as the end result is recovery, there is no problem.
山あり谷ありでだんだん、元気になっていけばそれでいいのだ。
No one should feel bad about themselves if they experience stalls or setbacks on their road to recovery.
復興の歩みの中で、停滞したりまた心が逆戻りしたりすることを、後ろめたく思わないでほしい。
In fact, I worry about those who have made themselves consistently positive and optimistic since the disaster, and whether built up exhaustion won't at some point overcome them, coming out all at once.
むしろ、発生直後から一貫して前向きで元気いっぱい、という人のほうが、いつかその疲れが一気に出るのでは、と心配だ。
Amidst all of this, I don't expect that anyone can completely be their normal selves, and it's no mystery if something happens to our emotional states.
こんな中、誰もがいつもの自分でなんかいられるはずがない。
Without being surprised or caught off-guard by any changes we find in ourselves, we should move forward, doing what we can, while not trying to do the impossible.
心にも何が起きても不思議ではない。驚かずうろたえず、自分の変化を受けとめながら、できることをできる分だけやっていく。できないときには無理をしない。
There is nothing wrong with such a path to recovery, even if it's a bit of a zigzag. (By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
そんなジグザグの歩みでいいはずだ。
毎日新聞 2011年4月12日 地方版
（スラチャイ記）
(Mainichi Japan) April 17, 2011
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Emotions on the one-month anniversary of the earthquake
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：震災から１カ月 ／東京
More than one month has now passed since the devastating earthquake and tsunami.
震災から１カ月。
We have all spent the time since then in our own ways, but there may be those who recently found themselves vividly remembering that day one month ago, once again being assaulted by fear or sadness.
それぞれの人が、それぞれのすごし方をしたはずだ。
中には、１カ月前のあの日のことが生々しく思い出され、恐怖、悲しみが再び襲ってきた、という人もいるのではないだろうか。
There may even be those who have become physically ill, even as they were just getting their lives back on track.
生活がやっと元のリズムに戻りつつあったのに、また体調が悪くなったという人もいるかもしれない。
A person's emotional state becoming highly unsettled on the weekly, monthly, or yearly anniversary of some big event is a known phenomenon in psychiatry, and it in itself is neither a disease nor is it abnormal.
大きなできごとから１週間、１カ月、１年など節目節目のときに、感情が激しく揺れてしまう。これは、精神医学の世界で「記念日反応」と呼ばれる現象で、それ自体は異常でも病気でもない。
One cause of it can be emphasis placed on such anniversaries by television programs and newspapers.
テレビや新聞が「あれから１カ月」と強調するのも、この反応の引き金になることがある。
However, as much as one tells oneself that "this is not abnormal," the emotional disturbance itself can be very hard to bear, and some people may take a further emotional hit by seeing a reversal in themselves after they thought they had made progress in recovering.
ただ、いくら「異常ではないのだ」と思っても、それ自体はとてもつらく、「少しは立ち直ったはずだったのに」と感情の揺り戻しにショックを受ける人もいるだろう。
In the case of the recent disasters, the continuing aftershocks and developments at the nuclear power plant may have aggravated this anniversary phenomenon.
とくに、繰り返す余震や原発事故への不安が、１カ月目の心の反応をよりシビアなものにしているおそれがある。
Preventing the occurrence of this anniversary reaction might not be possible.
この記念日反応自体が起こらないようにするのは、正直言ってむずかしい。
However, just knowing of its existence should take away some of the emotional burden of those experiencing it.
ただ、そういうものがあると知っておくだけでも、心は少しラクになるはずだ。
If you find yourself thinking, "Lately, I feel somehow anxious, and I'm often crying," you can then think, "Ah wait, this may be my reaction to the one-month anniversary.
It can happen to anyone, and it's OK," and it may become easier to let those bad feelings pass.
「最近、なんだかまた心がざわつくな。涙もよくこぼれるし。そうか、これが１カ月目あたりの記念日反応なのか」と思うと、「誰でもなることなんだから、だいじょうぶ」とやり過ごしやすくなるのではないか。
Furthermore, if one intentionally makes oneself aware of anniversaries and then passes them with an activity like offering a silent prayer, then I think one can reduce the feelings of uneasiness.
また節目の時を自分であえて「あれから半年か」などと意識して、静かに祈りの時をすごすなどすれば、えたいの知れない感情による動揺を減らせると思う。
Thinking about it, after a disaster this huge, it is only natural that the path to recovery will not be a simple and straight one.
考えてみれば、これだけの大災害なのだから、立ち直りの道のりが一直線でないのも、あたり前。
It is extremely normal that people would feel anxiety during anniversary periods, going from having somewhat positive attitudes back to gloomy ones, and from having energy to losing it.
節目の時期に気持ちが揺れるのは、ごく自然のことだ。少し前向きになったかと思うとまた落ち込み、やる気があふれてきたはずなのに突然、無気力になる。
Even if there are ups and downs, as long as the end result is recovery, there is no problem.
山あり谷ありでだんだん、元気になっていけばそれでいいのだ。
No one should feel bad about themselves if they experience stalls or setbacks on their road to recovery.
復興の歩みの中で、停滞したりまた心が逆戻りしたりすることを、後ろめたく思わないでほしい。
In fact, I worry about those who have made themselves consistently positive and optimistic since the disaster, and whether built up exhaustion won't at some point overcome them, coming out all at once.
むしろ、発生直後から一貫して前向きで元気いっぱい、という人のほうが、いつかその疲れが一気に出るのでは、と心配だ。
Amidst all of this, I don't expect that anyone can completely be their normal selves, and it's no mystery if something happens to our emotional states.
こんな中、誰もがいつもの自分でなんかいられるはずがない。
Without being surprised or caught off-guard by any changes we find in ourselves, we should move forward, doing what we can, while not trying to do the impossible.
心にも何が起きても不思議ではない。驚かずうろたえず、自分の変化を受けとめながら、できることをできる分だけやっていく。できないときには無理をしない。
There is nothing wrong with such a path to recovery, even if it's a bit of a zigzag. (By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
そんなジグザグの歩みでいいはずだ。
毎日新聞 2011年4月12日 地方版
2011/04/17
地震国の原発 政策の大転換を図れ
(Mainichi Japan) April 16, 2011
Japan should change energy policy following nuclear power plant crisis
社説：震災後 地震国の原発 政策の大転換を図れ
Events that have occurred since the March 11 Great East Japan Earthquake have reminded us of the reality Japan faces -- another powerful earthquake could occur anytime and anywhere, and we have no way to predict it.
いつ、どこで、どれほど大きな地震や津波が起きても不思議はない。しかも、それを予測するすべを私たちは持たない。
日本列島の現実を改めて思い知らされる１カ月だった。
予測不能な大地震だけでも日本が抱える大きなリスクである。
Fifty-four nuclear reactors are situated in coastal areas of Japan. Many experts have repeatedly pointed out how difficult it is to ensure the safety of nuclear power plants in this earthquake-prone country.
その海岸沿いに５４基の原発が建ち並ぶ。地震と原発の共存がいかにむずかしいか。警告は何度も発せられてきた。
Some scientists had predicted that radiation could leak from a nuclear power plant if it was damaged by a powerful quake and ensuing tsunami. One of them, Kobe University professor emeritus Katsuhiko Ishibashi, called such a potential accident an "earthquake-triggered nuclear power plant disaster."
石橋克彦・神戸大名誉教授のように「原発震災」という言葉で惨事を予見してきた科学者もいる。
However, electric power suppliers as well as the government had dismissed such warnings as a "minority opinion." The consequences of this attitude are the serious crisis at the crippled Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant operated by Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO).
しかし、電力会社も政府も「少数派」として退けてきた。その帰結が今、私たちが直面する東京電力福島第１原発の深刻な事故である。
◇「想定外」許されぬ
The distortion of the earth's crust caused by the powerful quake has had a huge impact on various areas of Japan. No optimism can be justified for future seismic activity in the Japanese archipelago.
大地震がもたらした地殻のゆがみは各地に影響を与えている。今後の地震活動は、予断を許さない。
The government has no choice but to seriously consider whether quake-prone Japan can coexist with nuclear power stations, take prompt countermeasures and drastically change its nuclear energy policy.
地震国日本は原発と共存できるのか。真摯（しんし）に検証した上で、早急に打つべき手を打ちながら、原発政策の大転換を図るしかない。
The biggest problem with nuclear power plants is their lack of measures against tsunami. Measures to protect nuclear plants from tsunami are incorporated in the government's guidelines for the quake-resistance of nuclear power plants that were revised in 2006, but priority has not been given to anti-tsunami measures. Moreover, power suppliers have been slow to re-examine their nuclear plants in accordance with the amended guidelines. TEPCO has not even completed its re-examination.
まず、誰もが問題だと思うのは津波対策の不備だ。０６年に改定された原発耐震指針に盛り込まれているが、扱いは非常に軽い。新指針に基づく再点検も後回しにされ、東電は点検を終えていない。
On the other hand, some electric power companies strengthened measures to protect their nuclear plants from tsunami following the Chuetsu Offshore Earthquake in Niigata Prefecture in 2007. One of them is the Tokai No. 2 Nuclear Power Plant in central Japan.
一方で、東海第２原発のように新潟県中越沖地震の後に津波対策を一部強化していたところもある。
It is not permissible to conclude that the crisis at the Fukushima plant was caused by an unexpected massive tsunami.
「想定外の津波」という言葉で事故を総括することは許されない。
TEPCO's responses to the crisis are highly questionable. TEPCO was unprepared for a situation in which all external power sources were lost and it became impossible to cool down nuclear reactors for a long time. This is despite the fact that following the 1979 crisis at the Three Mile Island nuclear power station in the United States, countermeasures against serious nuclear power plant accidents were worked out in Japan to cope with the possibility of more catastrophic nuclear plant disasters.
事故対応にも疑問は多い。７９年の米スリーマイル島原発事故をきっかけに、設計の想定を超える事態への対応として「過酷事故対策」が日本でも用意された。
ところが、今回のようにすべての電源が失われ、原子炉が長期間にわたって冷却不能に陥った場合の具体的備えが東電にはなかった。
Initial responses to a nuclear power station accident are extremely crucial. Nevertheless, TEPCO was slow in introducing power-supply vehicles to the crippled plant, ventilating the reactors and pouring sea water into the reactors to cool them down. This shows that TEPCO was unprepared to implement serious accident countermeasures.
事故対応には初動が何より大事だ。にもかかわらず、電源車の用意や、原子炉の換気、海水注入などに手間取った。過酷事故対策を運用する準備があったとは思えない。
Power suppliers should put priority on securing electric power sources at their nuclear power stations in case of emergency. Guidelines for measures to protect nuclear plants from tsunami and their quake-resistance need to be promptly reviewed.
当面の課題は、全国の原発で電源確保を確実にすることだ。津波対策や耐震強化の見直しも急がねばならない。
The government has also come under mounting pressure to review its regulations on nuclear power plants and the system to supervise them.
国の規制や監視体制も改革を迫られている。
We have repeatedly pointed out that it is contradictory that the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency that regulates and supervises nuclear power plants comes under the umbrella of the Economy, Trade and Industry Ministry that is promoting nuclear power generation. The government's responses to the accident have illustrated this contradiction. Furthermore, the accident has called into question the raison d'etre of the Cabinet Office's Nuclear Safety Commission (NSC). The government should reorganize these bodies into a completely independent regulatory organization.
監督官庁である原子力安全・保安院が原発推進の立場にある経済産業省に属する矛盾はこれまでも指摘してきた。今回の対応にもその矛盾を感じる。原子力安全委の存在意義も問われている。完全に独立した規制機関を再構築すべきだ。
But the implementation of these measures alone is not enough.
ただし、こうした「手当て」を施して良しとするわけにはいかない。
Following the crisis at the Fukushima plant, NSC Chairman Haruki Madarame remarked, "Nuclear power stations can't be designed without discarding the potential for some problems, but the accident shows the way the potential problems were disregarded was wrong."
事故発生後、原子力安全委の班目春樹委員長は「割り切らなければ原発は設計できないが、割り切り方が正しくなかった」と述べた。安全委員長の発言として納得できないが、それに加えて疑問が浮かぶ。
His remarks have raised questions as to whether a catastrophic accident can be prevented if problems are conveniently disregarded and whether it is enough to strengthen safety regulations, improve equipment and work out measures to respond to any emergency situation.
割り切り方を間違えなければ大事故は起きないのか。安全規制を厳しくし、設備や緊急時の対応策を整えれば、事足りるのかという点だ。
Both the government and power suppliers had emphasized for many years that nuclear power plants are safe because they are protected by multiple safety devices. However, the latest crisis has illustrated the fragileness of the multiple protective devices.
これまで、電力会社も政府も、原発は安全装置を何重にも重ねた「多重防護」に守られ、安全だと強調してきた。しかし、今回の事故で多重防護のもろさがわかった。
In other words, the accident has demonstrated that complete safety can not be achieved even if far more protective devices are installed at nuclear plants, and that serious accident countermeasures, implemented following the Three Mile Island disaster, have been unable to quickly bring the potential for nuclear disaster under control.
どこまで安全装置を重ねても絶対の安全はなく、過酷事故対策も事故を収拾できなかったというのが現実だ。
◇依存度下げる決意を
There are arguments that aircraft and trains pose similar safety risks. However, a catastrophic accident involving a nuclear power plant has a far more serious and far-reaching impact over a far lengthier period. The risks posed by the coexistence of unpredictable major earthquakes and nuclear power plants should not be tolerated.
リスクがあるのは飛行機や列車も同じだという議論もあるだろう。しかし、原発は大事故の影響があまりに大きく、長期に及ぶ。地震国であるという日本の特性も無視できない。予測不能な地震と原発の掛け算のようなリスクを、このまま許容できるとは思えない。
Considering such risks, extreme prudence should be exercised in considering whether to resume the operations of other nuclear power plants in quake-hit areas, such as the Onagawa plant in Miyagi Prefecture. It will be almost impossible to build new nuclear power stations from now on.
大震災の影響を考えれば、女川原発など被災した原発の再開も非常に慎重に考えざるをえない。今後の原発の新設は事実上不可能だろう。
Based on these realities, we recommend that Japan take the opportunity of the Fukushima disaster to launch efforts to decrease its reliance on nuclear power plants from a long-term perspective. It is unrealistic to simultaneously dismantle all the existing nuclear power plants. Rather, Japan should gradually decrease its reliance on nuclear power generation by prioritizing the dismantling of nuclear power plants that are considered more vulnerable to disasters.
こうした現実を踏まえ、大災害を転機に、長期的な視点で原発からの脱却を進めたい。既存の原発を一度に廃止することは現実的ではないが、危険度に応じて閉鎖の優先順位をつけ、依存度を減らしていきたい。
Top priority should be placed on decommissioning the Hamaoka Nuclear Power Plant in Shizuoka Prefecture that sits just above the probable focus of a Tokai quake that is believed certain to occur sooner or later.
第一に考えるべきは浜岡原発だ。近い将来、必ず起きると考えられる東海地震の震源域の真上に建っている。
In the latest disaster, the focus of several quakes simultaneously moved and caused a massive quake. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the focus of Tokai and Tonankai and Nankai earthquakes in central and western Japan will simultaneously move, causing a huge quake and tsunami.
今回、複数の震源が連動して巨大地震を起こした。東海・東南海・南海が連動して巨大地震・大津波を起こす恐れは見過ごせない。
Aging nuclear power plants are particularly vulnerable to earthquakes because the most advanced technology for ensuring safety of such power stations is not incorporated in them and the most advanced knowledge of seismology is not taken into account in their design.
老朽化した原発も危険度は高い。原発の安全性の知識も地震の知識も進展している。古い原発にはその知識を反映しにくい。
Japan has relied on nuclear power generation for 30 percent of the total electric power consumed across the country. Many people think that nuclear power plants should be maintained as a stable source of electric power. Some have expressed concern that the Japanese economy could not survive without such power generators.
日本は電力の３割を原発に依存してきた。安定した電源として擁護論は強い。原発なくして日本の経済が成り立たないのではないかという懸念もある。
Still, we should understand that the "quake-triggered nuclear power plant disaster" occurred as a result of putting priority on the economy over safety. It is hoped that we will come up with ways to live affluent lives without relying on nuclear power plants even though the pros and cons of maintaining such plants should be decided by the whole nation.
しかし、経済と安全をてんびんにかけた結果としての原発震災を直視したい。最終的には国民の判断ではあるが、原子力による電源に頼らなくても、豊かに暮らすための知恵を絞りたい。
The promotion of recyclable energy sources -- to which close attention is being paid as measures to prevent global warming -- and the achievement of a low-energy consumption society will be a key to breaking away from Japan's dependence on nuclear power. Now is the time for Japan to pursue electric power sources that are suitable for such an earthquake-prone country and adopt lifestyles that match the supply of electricity.
そのためには、温暖化対策で注目された再生可能エネルギーの促進や低エネルギー社会の実現がひとつの鍵となるはずだ。地震国日本に適した電源と、それに基づく暮らし方を、今こそ探っていく時だ。
毎日新聞 2011年4月15日 0時07分
Japan should change energy policy following nuclear power plant crisis
社説：震災後 地震国の原発 政策の大転換を図れ
Events that have occurred since the March 11 Great East Japan Earthquake have reminded us of the reality Japan faces -- another powerful earthquake could occur anytime and anywhere, and we have no way to predict it.
いつ、どこで、どれほど大きな地震や津波が起きても不思議はない。しかも、それを予測するすべを私たちは持たない。
日本列島の現実を改めて思い知らされる１カ月だった。
予測不能な大地震だけでも日本が抱える大きなリスクである。
Fifty-four nuclear reactors are situated in coastal areas of Japan. Many experts have repeatedly pointed out how difficult it is to ensure the safety of nuclear power plants in this earthquake-prone country.
その海岸沿いに５４基の原発が建ち並ぶ。地震と原発の共存がいかにむずかしいか。警告は何度も発せられてきた。
Some scientists had predicted that radiation could leak from a nuclear power plant if it was damaged by a powerful quake and ensuing tsunami. One of them, Kobe University professor emeritus Katsuhiko Ishibashi, called such a potential accident an "earthquake-triggered nuclear power plant disaster."
石橋克彦・神戸大名誉教授のように「原発震災」という言葉で惨事を予見してきた科学者もいる。
However, electric power suppliers as well as the government had dismissed such warnings as a "minority opinion." The consequences of this attitude are the serious crisis at the crippled Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant operated by Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO).
しかし、電力会社も政府も「少数派」として退けてきた。その帰結が今、私たちが直面する東京電力福島第１原発の深刻な事故である。
◇「想定外」許されぬ
The distortion of the earth's crust caused by the powerful quake has had a huge impact on various areas of Japan. No optimism can be justified for future seismic activity in the Japanese archipelago.
大地震がもたらした地殻のゆがみは各地に影響を与えている。今後の地震活動は、予断を許さない。
The government has no choice but to seriously consider whether quake-prone Japan can coexist with nuclear power stations, take prompt countermeasures and drastically change its nuclear energy policy.
地震国日本は原発と共存できるのか。真摯（しんし）に検証した上で、早急に打つべき手を打ちながら、原発政策の大転換を図るしかない。
The biggest problem with nuclear power plants is their lack of measures against tsunami. Measures to protect nuclear plants from tsunami are incorporated in the government's guidelines for the quake-resistance of nuclear power plants that were revised in 2006, but priority has not been given to anti-tsunami measures. Moreover, power suppliers have been slow to re-examine their nuclear plants in accordance with the amended guidelines. TEPCO has not even completed its re-examination.
まず、誰もが問題だと思うのは津波対策の不備だ。０６年に改定された原発耐震指針に盛り込まれているが、扱いは非常に軽い。新指針に基づく再点検も後回しにされ、東電は点検を終えていない。
On the other hand, some electric power companies strengthened measures to protect their nuclear plants from tsunami following the Chuetsu Offshore Earthquake in Niigata Prefecture in 2007. One of them is the Tokai No. 2 Nuclear Power Plant in central Japan.
一方で、東海第２原発のように新潟県中越沖地震の後に津波対策を一部強化していたところもある。
It is not permissible to conclude that the crisis at the Fukushima plant was caused by an unexpected massive tsunami.
「想定外の津波」という言葉で事故を総括することは許されない。
TEPCO's responses to the crisis are highly questionable. TEPCO was unprepared for a situation in which all external power sources were lost and it became impossible to cool down nuclear reactors for a long time. This is despite the fact that following the 1979 crisis at the Three Mile Island nuclear power station in the United States, countermeasures against serious nuclear power plant accidents were worked out in Japan to cope with the possibility of more catastrophic nuclear plant disasters.
事故対応にも疑問は多い。７９年の米スリーマイル島原発事故をきっかけに、設計の想定を超える事態への対応として「過酷事故対策」が日本でも用意された。
ところが、今回のようにすべての電源が失われ、原子炉が長期間にわたって冷却不能に陥った場合の具体的備えが東電にはなかった。
Initial responses to a nuclear power station accident are extremely crucial. Nevertheless, TEPCO was slow in introducing power-supply vehicles to the crippled plant, ventilating the reactors and pouring sea water into the reactors to cool them down. This shows that TEPCO was unprepared to implement serious accident countermeasures.
事故対応には初動が何より大事だ。にもかかわらず、電源車の用意や、原子炉の換気、海水注入などに手間取った。過酷事故対策を運用する準備があったとは思えない。
Power suppliers should put priority on securing electric power sources at their nuclear power stations in case of emergency. Guidelines for measures to protect nuclear plants from tsunami and their quake-resistance need to be promptly reviewed.
当面の課題は、全国の原発で電源確保を確実にすることだ。津波対策や耐震強化の見直しも急がねばならない。
The government has also come under mounting pressure to review its regulations on nuclear power plants and the system to supervise them.
国の規制や監視体制も改革を迫られている。
We have repeatedly pointed out that it is contradictory that the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency that regulates and supervises nuclear power plants comes under the umbrella of the Economy, Trade and Industry Ministry that is promoting nuclear power generation. The government's responses to the accident have illustrated this contradiction. Furthermore, the accident has called into question the raison d'etre of the Cabinet Office's Nuclear Safety Commission (NSC). The government should reorganize these bodies into a completely independent regulatory organization.
監督官庁である原子力安全・保安院が原発推進の立場にある経済産業省に属する矛盾はこれまでも指摘してきた。今回の対応にもその矛盾を感じる。原子力安全委の存在意義も問われている。完全に独立した規制機関を再構築すべきだ。
But the implementation of these measures alone is not enough.
ただし、こうした「手当て」を施して良しとするわけにはいかない。
Following the crisis at the Fukushima plant, NSC Chairman Haruki Madarame remarked, "Nuclear power stations can't be designed without discarding the potential for some problems, but the accident shows the way the potential problems were disregarded was wrong."
事故発生後、原子力安全委の班目春樹委員長は「割り切らなければ原発は設計できないが、割り切り方が正しくなかった」と述べた。安全委員長の発言として納得できないが、それに加えて疑問が浮かぶ。
His remarks have raised questions as to whether a catastrophic accident can be prevented if problems are conveniently disregarded and whether it is enough to strengthen safety regulations, improve equipment and work out measures to respond to any emergency situation.
割り切り方を間違えなければ大事故は起きないのか。安全規制を厳しくし、設備や緊急時の対応策を整えれば、事足りるのかという点だ。
Both the government and power suppliers had emphasized for many years that nuclear power plants are safe because they are protected by multiple safety devices. However, the latest crisis has illustrated the fragileness of the multiple protective devices.
これまで、電力会社も政府も、原発は安全装置を何重にも重ねた「多重防護」に守られ、安全だと強調してきた。しかし、今回の事故で多重防護のもろさがわかった。
In other words, the accident has demonstrated that complete safety can not be achieved even if far more protective devices are installed at nuclear plants, and that serious accident countermeasures, implemented following the Three Mile Island disaster, have been unable to quickly bring the potential for nuclear disaster under control.
どこまで安全装置を重ねても絶対の安全はなく、過酷事故対策も事故を収拾できなかったというのが現実だ。
◇依存度下げる決意を
There are arguments that aircraft and trains pose similar safety risks. However, a catastrophic accident involving a nuclear power plant has a far more serious and far-reaching impact over a far lengthier period. The risks posed by the coexistence of unpredictable major earthquakes and nuclear power plants should not be tolerated.
リスクがあるのは飛行機や列車も同じだという議論もあるだろう。しかし、原発は大事故の影響があまりに大きく、長期に及ぶ。地震国であるという日本の特性も無視できない。予測不能な地震と原発の掛け算のようなリスクを、このまま許容できるとは思えない。
Considering such risks, extreme prudence should be exercised in considering whether to resume the operations of other nuclear power plants in quake-hit areas, such as the Onagawa plant in Miyagi Prefecture. It will be almost impossible to build new nuclear power stations from now on.
大震災の影響を考えれば、女川原発など被災した原発の再開も非常に慎重に考えざるをえない。今後の原発の新設は事実上不可能だろう。
Based on these realities, we recommend that Japan take the opportunity of the Fukushima disaster to launch efforts to decrease its reliance on nuclear power plants from a long-term perspective. It is unrealistic to simultaneously dismantle all the existing nuclear power plants. Rather, Japan should gradually decrease its reliance on nuclear power generation by prioritizing the dismantling of nuclear power plants that are considered more vulnerable to disasters.
こうした現実を踏まえ、大災害を転機に、長期的な視点で原発からの脱却を進めたい。既存の原発を一度に廃止することは現実的ではないが、危険度に応じて閉鎖の優先順位をつけ、依存度を減らしていきたい。
Top priority should be placed on decommissioning the Hamaoka Nuclear Power Plant in Shizuoka Prefecture that sits just above the probable focus of a Tokai quake that is believed certain to occur sooner or later.
第一に考えるべきは浜岡原発だ。近い将来、必ず起きると考えられる東海地震の震源域の真上に建っている。
In the latest disaster, the focus of several quakes simultaneously moved and caused a massive quake. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the focus of Tokai and Tonankai and Nankai earthquakes in central and western Japan will simultaneously move, causing a huge quake and tsunami.
今回、複数の震源が連動して巨大地震を起こした。東海・東南海・南海が連動して巨大地震・大津波を起こす恐れは見過ごせない。
Aging nuclear power plants are particularly vulnerable to earthquakes because the most advanced technology for ensuring safety of such power stations is not incorporated in them and the most advanced knowledge of seismology is not taken into account in their design.
老朽化した原発も危険度は高い。原発の安全性の知識も地震の知識も進展している。古い原発にはその知識を反映しにくい。
Japan has relied on nuclear power generation for 30 percent of the total electric power consumed across the country. Many people think that nuclear power plants should be maintained as a stable source of electric power. Some have expressed concern that the Japanese economy could not survive without such power generators.
日本は電力の３割を原発に依存してきた。安定した電源として擁護論は強い。原発なくして日本の経済が成り立たないのではないかという懸念もある。
Still, we should understand that the "quake-triggered nuclear power plant disaster" occurred as a result of putting priority on the economy over safety. It is hoped that we will come up with ways to live affluent lives without relying on nuclear power plants even though the pros and cons of maintaining such plants should be decided by the whole nation.
しかし、経済と安全をてんびんにかけた結果としての原発震災を直視したい。最終的には国民の判断ではあるが、原子力による電源に頼らなくても、豊かに暮らすための知恵を絞りたい。
The promotion of recyclable energy sources -- to which close attention is being paid as measures to prevent global warming -- and the achievement of a low-energy consumption society will be a key to breaking away from Japan's dependence on nuclear power. Now is the time for Japan to pursue electric power sources that are suitable for such an earthquake-prone country and adopt lifestyles that match the supply of electricity.
そのためには、温暖化対策で注目された再生可能エネルギーの促進や低エネルギー社会の実現がひとつの鍵となるはずだ。地震国日本に適した電源と、それに基づく暮らし方を、今こそ探っていく時だ。
毎日新聞 2011年4月15日 0時07分
2011/04/16
原発事故賠償 国と東電が分担して救済を
The Yomiuri Shimbun (Apr. 16, 2011)
Govt, TEPCO must share compensation burdens
原発事故賠償 国と東電が分担して救済を（4月15日付・読売社説）
There is no sign yet of when the crisis at Tokyo Electric Power Co.'s Fukushima No. 1 nuclear plant in Fukushima Prefecture will be brought under control. Compensation for damages stemming from the accident is bound to be tremendous.
東京電力福島第一原子力発電所の事故は依然、収束のめどが立たない。被害に対する賠償は巨額となろう。
Under the current system, TEPCO in principle bears the entire responsibility for paying damages, but the private firm's resources are finite. Consequently, the government must help ensure that people who suffered as a result of the crisis are fully and fairly compensated.
現行制度では、東電が基本的に賠償責任を負うが、民間企業としての限界もある。最終的には政府が責任を持って被害救済にあたるべきだ。
The government has established a headquarters to deal with economic damage due to the nuclear power plant crisis, with all Cabinet ministers as members. It has also set up a dispute reconciliation committee for such damage compensation, an expert panel assigned to draft compensation guidelines. We hope the government will come up with concrete measures on the issue.
政府は、全閣僚による原発事故の「経済被害対応本部」と、賠償に当たっての指針を作る有識者の「原子力損害賠償紛争審査会」を設けた。早急に具体的な対策作りを進めてもらいたい。
===
Huge compensation needed
TEPCO plans to provide provisional compensation payments as early as this month, of 1 million yen per household to evacuated families and those living in zones where people have been advised to keep indoors. Many such people are facing financial difficulties in everyday life as a result of their hasty evacuations. We hope TEPCO will make the payments as soon as possible.
東電は月内にも、避難した世帯などへ、１００万円ずつ賠償金を仮払いする方針だ。急な避難で生活資金に困っている人も多い。東電は、実施を急いでほしい。
After the provisional payments, work toward realizing full-fledged compensation, such as calculating an appropriate sum for each household, should be treated as an urgent task.
仮払いの後には、被害者ごとの賠償額を算定するなど、本格的賠償に向けた取り組みが急務だ。
In the case of the 1999 criticality accident at JCO Co.'s nuclear fuel conversion facility in Tokaimura, Ibaraki Prefecture, 150 people evacuated for three days, resulting in total compensation of 15 billion yen for business and personal damages.
茨城県東海村の核燃料加工施設で、１９９９年に起きた臨界事故では、１５０人が３日間避難し、賠償額は計１５０億円だった。
The number of evacuees concerned this time is far greater, currently estimated at about 80,000, and is expected to increase further. Damage to farms and fisheries caused by radioactive substances is also expanding and serious.
今回の避難者は約８万人とケタ違いで、さらに増えそうだ。放射性物質による農業、漁業の被害も深刻化している。
The Law on Compensation for Nuclear Damage stipulates that the state will pay up to 120 billion yen per nuclear power plant in the case of an accident caused by an earthquake or tsunami. That is probably far short of the amount necessary this time.
原子力損害賠償法では、地震や津波による原発事故は、国が発電所１か所ごとに、最大１２００億円補償することになっているが、とても足りまい。
But the law also stipulates that, if the damage is caused by "an abnormally large natural disaster," the central government will shoulder the entire cost of compensation.
However, the government and TEPCO have different views on the meaning of "an abnormally large natural disaster," making a settlement of the issue likely to take considerable time.
原因が「異常に巨大な天災地変」とされた場合には、国が全面的に負担するとの規定もあるが、「天災地変」の解釈を巡って国と東電の見解は異なっており、決着がつくまで時間がかかりそうだ。
===
Follow basic principle
To accelerate the work of extending compensation to evacuated residents, it would be appropriate to follow the basic principle of the law: TEPCO accepts a certain degree of burden and the central government assists by paying the rest.
被害者救済を急ぐには、東電が一定の負担を受け入れ、それ以上は国が支援するという、原賠法の原則による解決が妥当だろう。
In that case, an important point will be how to decide the amount of compensation to be shouldered by TEPCO. If the company's financial strength is so depleted that it has difficulty maintaining service and is unable to invest in programs to beef up its power supply capacity, it could lead to serious problems in the future.
その場合、東電の負担額をどう決めるかが焦点となる。東電が経営的に追い込まれ、財務力が低下して電力供給力の増強などの投資に支障が出るようでは、将来に禍根を残す。
While taking necessary steps on one hand, such as clarifying TEPCO's degree of corporate responsibility for failing to prevent the accident, the government has to decide on a compensation amount that would leave the utility firm solvent.
東電の経営責任の明確化など必要な措置を講じつつ、支払い能力の範囲内で決めるべきである。
Recently a new compensation plan surfaced. According to the plan, in addition to burdens to be paid by TEPCO, other power companies will offer financial contributions in a mutual aid system, according to the number of nuclear reactors each company possesses.
ここに来て、新たな賠償案も浮上した。東電の負担に加え、他の電力会社も原発の保有数に応じて資金を出す、というものだ。
The Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant crisis is a serious problem, not only for TEPCO but for the entire power industry. To prepare for an emergency, it may be better for the industry to adopt a mechanism such as the mutual aid system, under which the companies help each other.
福島第一原発の事故は、電力業界全体にとって深刻な問題だ。万が一に備え、電力各社が助け合う「共済制度」のような仕組みがあっていいのではないか。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 15, 2011)
（2011年4月15日01時19分 読売新聞）
Govt, TEPCO must share compensation burdens
原発事故賠償 国と東電が分担して救済を（4月15日付・読売社説）
There is no sign yet of when the crisis at Tokyo Electric Power Co.'s Fukushima No. 1 nuclear plant in Fukushima Prefecture will be brought under control. Compensation for damages stemming from the accident is bound to be tremendous.
東京電力福島第一原子力発電所の事故は依然、収束のめどが立たない。被害に対する賠償は巨額となろう。
Under the current system, TEPCO in principle bears the entire responsibility for paying damages, but the private firm's resources are finite. Consequently, the government must help ensure that people who suffered as a result of the crisis are fully and fairly compensated.
現行制度では、東電が基本的に賠償責任を負うが、民間企業としての限界もある。最終的には政府が責任を持って被害救済にあたるべきだ。
The government has established a headquarters to deal with economic damage due to the nuclear power plant crisis, with all Cabinet ministers as members. It has also set up a dispute reconciliation committee for such damage compensation, an expert panel assigned to draft compensation guidelines. We hope the government will come up with concrete measures on the issue.
政府は、全閣僚による原発事故の「経済被害対応本部」と、賠償に当たっての指針を作る有識者の「原子力損害賠償紛争審査会」を設けた。早急に具体的な対策作りを進めてもらいたい。
===
Huge compensation needed
TEPCO plans to provide provisional compensation payments as early as this month, of 1 million yen per household to evacuated families and those living in zones where people have been advised to keep indoors. Many such people are facing financial difficulties in everyday life as a result of their hasty evacuations. We hope TEPCO will make the payments as soon as possible.
東電は月内にも、避難した世帯などへ、１００万円ずつ賠償金を仮払いする方針だ。急な避難で生活資金に困っている人も多い。東電は、実施を急いでほしい。
After the provisional payments, work toward realizing full-fledged compensation, such as calculating an appropriate sum for each household, should be treated as an urgent task.
仮払いの後には、被害者ごとの賠償額を算定するなど、本格的賠償に向けた取り組みが急務だ。
In the case of the 1999 criticality accident at JCO Co.'s nuclear fuel conversion facility in Tokaimura, Ibaraki Prefecture, 150 people evacuated for three days, resulting in total compensation of 15 billion yen for business and personal damages.
茨城県東海村の核燃料加工施設で、１９９９年に起きた臨界事故では、１５０人が３日間避難し、賠償額は計１５０億円だった。
The number of evacuees concerned this time is far greater, currently estimated at about 80,000, and is expected to increase further. Damage to farms and fisheries caused by radioactive substances is also expanding and serious.
今回の避難者は約８万人とケタ違いで、さらに増えそうだ。放射性物質による農業、漁業の被害も深刻化している。
The Law on Compensation for Nuclear Damage stipulates that the state will pay up to 120 billion yen per nuclear power plant in the case of an accident caused by an earthquake or tsunami. That is probably far short of the amount necessary this time.
原子力損害賠償法では、地震や津波による原発事故は、国が発電所１か所ごとに、最大１２００億円補償することになっているが、とても足りまい。
But the law also stipulates that, if the damage is caused by "an abnormally large natural disaster," the central government will shoulder the entire cost of compensation.
However, the government and TEPCO have different views on the meaning of "an abnormally large natural disaster," making a settlement of the issue likely to take considerable time.
原因が「異常に巨大な天災地変」とされた場合には、国が全面的に負担するとの規定もあるが、「天災地変」の解釈を巡って国と東電の見解は異なっており、決着がつくまで時間がかかりそうだ。
===
Follow basic principle
To accelerate the work of extending compensation to evacuated residents, it would be appropriate to follow the basic principle of the law: TEPCO accepts a certain degree of burden and the central government assists by paying the rest.
被害者救済を急ぐには、東電が一定の負担を受け入れ、それ以上は国が支援するという、原賠法の原則による解決が妥当だろう。
In that case, an important point will be how to decide the amount of compensation to be shouldered by TEPCO. If the company's financial strength is so depleted that it has difficulty maintaining service and is unable to invest in programs to beef up its power supply capacity, it could lead to serious problems in the future.
その場合、東電の負担額をどう決めるかが焦点となる。東電が経営的に追い込まれ、財務力が低下して電力供給力の増強などの投資に支障が出るようでは、将来に禍根を残す。
While taking necessary steps on one hand, such as clarifying TEPCO's degree of corporate responsibility for failing to prevent the accident, the government has to decide on a compensation amount that would leave the utility firm solvent.
東電の経営責任の明確化など必要な措置を講じつつ、支払い能力の範囲内で決めるべきである。
Recently a new compensation plan surfaced. According to the plan, in addition to burdens to be paid by TEPCO, other power companies will offer financial contributions in a mutual aid system, according to the number of nuclear reactors each company possesses.
ここに来て、新たな賠償案も浮上した。東電の負担に加え、他の電力会社も原発の保有数に応じて資金を出す、というものだ。
The Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant crisis is a serious problem, not only for TEPCO but for the entire power industry. To prepare for an emergency, it may be better for the industry to adopt a mechanism such as the mutual aid system, under which the companies help each other.
福島第一原発の事故は、電力業界全体にとって深刻な問題だ。万が一に備え、電力各社が助け合う「共済制度」のような仕組みがあっていいのではないか。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 15, 2011)
（2011年4月15日01時19分 読売新聞）
2011/04/15
世界の支援 はげましを忘れない
タイはお正月の真っ最中。
今年は飲酒運転で例年以上に多くの人々が命を落としている。
昨夜はソレントラストランで夕食の後、そのままローマホテルに宿泊した。（タクシーも休みだった＾＾）
久しぶりのモーニングバフェー（ビュッフェ形式の朝食）に娘たちは大喜び。
英字新聞を発行するために帰宅したところ、タイのアピシット首相が日本を支援するために緊急支援予算を組んだという記事に遭遇、感動した。
アピシット首相は震災直後にも日本にガスタービン発電設備を貸与してくれている。
タイは人口６０００万人でそのうち５０００万人が農業に従事している。
税金を納めることができている人はわずか１５００人程度だと聞く。
それでタイは税収面では大変厳しい状況。
金額の大小で比較して欲しくない。
純粋にありがたいなって感じました。
（スラチャイ記）
(Mainichi Japan) April 15, 2011
Japan eternally grateful for international support following disaster
社説：世界の支援 はげましを忘れない
Kenji Miyazawa, a poet and author of children's books, was born in Iwate Prefecture in 1896, the year when the Meiji Sanriku earthquake and tsunami hit, and died at the age of 37 in 1933, the year the Showa Sanriku earthquake and tsunami struck.
岩手出身の詩人・童話作家、宮沢賢治は明治三陸大津波の年（１８９６）に生まれ、昭和三陸大津波の年（１９３３）に３７歳の生涯を閉じた。
Miyazawa loved the Tohoku region and heaped infinite love on his poor and humble countrymen and women.
東北の大地に住む、貧しくつつましい人たちに、限りない愛情を注いだ賢治。
In his masterpiece "Night on the Milky Way Train," Giovanni, the lead character of the book, lowers his head and murmurs, "What should I do for the sake of that person's happiness."
代表作「銀河鉄道の夜」には、主人公の心やさしい少年ジョバンニが「ぼくはそのひとのさいわいのためにいったいどうしたらいいのだろう」と、こうべをたれてつぶやく場面がある。
Many people from around the world have supported Japan since the Great East Japan Earthquake. The U.S. military implemented "Operation Tomodachi," a mission in which 20,000 personnel delivered supplies and engaged in search and rescue efforts. Other foreigners provided materials such as canned food and underwear for people at shelters.
東日本大震災が起きてから、世界中が日本を支えてくれた。２万人態勢の「トモダチ作戦」で物資輸送、救助・捜索にあたった米軍をはじめ、缶詰や下着など避難生活に必要な物資を送ったり、医療活動などにあたった多くの国。
Foreign governments were not alone in providing support and offered words of encouragement. Kenyan girls sang a song together mourning the victims of the tsunami. Nurse and nursing care candidates in Jakarta donated 140,000 yen out of their own pockets despite their less well-off lives.
涙を流しながら、津波犠牲者を悼む歌を合唱したケニアの少女たち。決して裕福ではない生活の中から１４万円を寄付してくれた、ジャカルタの看護師・介護福祉士候補者のみなさん。
We want to say a big thank you to the numerous tender-hearted Giovannis who sympathized with disaster victims and did all these things for the sake of their happiness. We will not forget your acts of kindness.
遠い異国の被災者のつらさをわがものと受け止め、他者のしあわせを自分のしあわせに置きかえる無数のやさしいジョバンニに、私たちはこう伝えたい。ありがとう、あなたがたの気持ちは忘れません、と。
Foreign residents in Japan also prepared meals and removed debris in the battered areas. Goodwill and consideration beyond national borders and nationalities has encouraged the Japanese who have been absorbed in grief.
日本に住む外国人も、被災地に行って炊き出しなどのボランティアをしている。震災で悲しみに沈む日本人にとり、国境や国籍を超えた思いやりは大きなはげましだった。
After the big earthquake, the huge tsunami and the nuclear power plant catastrophe, we had been at a loss as to what to do over the series of unmitigated disasters but are now feeling firsthand the bonds of friendship.
大地震と大津波と原発事故。容赦ない災害の連鎖にぼうぜんとなりながらも、私たちは今、世界との絆を感じている。
Japan is not alone. We firmly believe this as we face a long road to reconstruction and revival.
日本は一人じゃない。復興と再生への遠い道のりを前にしながら、そう思う。
Until this recent disaster, Japan had been a provider of support. We are now on the receiving end of support from around the world.
私たちはこれまで、支援を与える側にいた。その私たちが、支援を受ける側に立った。
Thai Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva who mapped out an emergency support budget worth as much as 550 million yen said, "Japan has played an important role in the development of Thailand over the last 50 years. This is an opportunity to return the favor."
約５億５０００万円の緊急支援予算を組んだタイのアピシット首相は「日本はこの５０年間、タイの発展に重要な役割を担ってきた。タイが恩に報いるのはこの機会だ」と語った。
Many countries and international organizations say this is their turn to help Japan, which has long helped them.
多くの国や国際機関が、いままで助けてくれた日本を今度は私たちが助ける番だ、と言ってくれる。
International support, coexistence, co-prosperity, global citizens... we are touched by these words, which we had long just used like a recital. We recognize anew that goodwill beyond national borders is so heart-warming on the receiving side.
国際支援、共存共栄、地球市民。お題目のように使ってきたこうした言葉が、抽象的ではなく、生き生きとした実感を伴って、私たちの胸に響く。外国から寄せられる善意が、困難な環境にいる人たちにとって、どれほど心温まるものかを、私たちは今さらながらに知った。
Big aftershocks continue and it is not clear as to when the hardship of disaster victims will end. There are no estimates as to when the nuclear accident will be under control.
大きな余震が続き、震災被災者たちの苦境は、いつ終わるともしれない。原発事故が収束するかどうかもなお、予測がつかない。
It will take a little more time before a fully vibrant Japanese society will re-emerge. But we will come back as a strong and striking nation to respond to the encouragement from the international community and transform ourselves into a nation that can host many visitors from abroad once again.
再び活力あふれる日本社会が戻ってくるまでには、もう少し時間がかかるだろう。だが私たちは、強じんで魅力ある国として、必ず復活する。国際社会からの温かいエールに応えるためにも。世界中からまた、たくさんの人がやってくる国にするためにも。
Japan is not alone. At the same time, it means Japan cannot live alone. We are a nation that is destined to depend on other countries for energy resources and food and live on as a trading nation. A peaceful existence is essential for Japan's survival.
日本は一人じゃない。それは、同時に、日本は一人では生きられないということでもある。エネルギー資源や食料を海外に依存し、外国と交易しながら生きていくことを、運命づけられた国である。平和な日常は、日本の生存にとって不可欠である。
Accordingly, we want to be a compassionate country -- more than ever considerate of others' pain. There are many people in the world who have lost their jobs and families and live in poverty and suffer from diseases due to unjust external forces such as natural disasters and conflicts.
であればこそ私たちは、他者の痛みに、よりいっそう敏感な国でありたい。自然災害や紛争など、不条理な外部からの力によって仕事や家族や大切な人を失い、貧困や疾病に苦しむ人たちが、世界にはおおぜいいるのだから。
We will place the utmost importance on the opening of our eyes to the world and the protection of individual dignity. That is the path we will take to show our appreciation for the support from the international community during this devastating disaster.
外に目を開き、この地球に住む一人一人の人間の尊厳を守ることを何よりも大切にする－－。それが、震災でいただいた世界の支援に、私たちが応える道ではないだろうか。
毎日新聞 2011年4月15日 東京朝刊
今年は飲酒運転で例年以上に多くの人々が命を落としている。
昨夜はソレントラストランで夕食の後、そのままローマホテルに宿泊した。（タクシーも休みだった＾＾）
久しぶりのモーニングバフェー（ビュッフェ形式の朝食）に娘たちは大喜び。
英字新聞を発行するために帰宅したところ、タイのアピシット首相が日本を支援するために緊急支援予算を組んだという記事に遭遇、感動した。
アピシット首相は震災直後にも日本にガスタービン発電設備を貸与してくれている。
タイは人口６０００万人でそのうち５０００万人が農業に従事している。
税金を納めることができている人はわずか１５００人程度だと聞く。
それでタイは税収面では大変厳しい状況。
金額の大小で比較して欲しくない。
純粋にありがたいなって感じました。
（スラチャイ記）
(Mainichi Japan) April 15, 2011
Japan eternally grateful for international support following disaster
社説：世界の支援 はげましを忘れない
Kenji Miyazawa, a poet and author of children's books, was born in Iwate Prefecture in 1896, the year when the Meiji Sanriku earthquake and tsunami hit, and died at the age of 37 in 1933, the year the Showa Sanriku earthquake and tsunami struck.
岩手出身の詩人・童話作家、宮沢賢治は明治三陸大津波の年（１８９６）に生まれ、昭和三陸大津波の年（１９３３）に３７歳の生涯を閉じた。
Miyazawa loved the Tohoku region and heaped infinite love on his poor and humble countrymen and women.
東北の大地に住む、貧しくつつましい人たちに、限りない愛情を注いだ賢治。
In his masterpiece "Night on the Milky Way Train," Giovanni, the lead character of the book, lowers his head and murmurs, "What should I do for the sake of that person's happiness."
代表作「銀河鉄道の夜」には、主人公の心やさしい少年ジョバンニが「ぼくはそのひとのさいわいのためにいったいどうしたらいいのだろう」と、こうべをたれてつぶやく場面がある。
Many people from around the world have supported Japan since the Great East Japan Earthquake. The U.S. military implemented "Operation Tomodachi," a mission in which 20,000 personnel delivered supplies and engaged in search and rescue efforts. Other foreigners provided materials such as canned food and underwear for people at shelters.
東日本大震災が起きてから、世界中が日本を支えてくれた。２万人態勢の「トモダチ作戦」で物資輸送、救助・捜索にあたった米軍をはじめ、缶詰や下着など避難生活に必要な物資を送ったり、医療活動などにあたった多くの国。
Foreign governments were not alone in providing support and offered words of encouragement. Kenyan girls sang a song together mourning the victims of the tsunami. Nurse and nursing care candidates in Jakarta donated 140,000 yen out of their own pockets despite their less well-off lives.
涙を流しながら、津波犠牲者を悼む歌を合唱したケニアの少女たち。決して裕福ではない生活の中から１４万円を寄付してくれた、ジャカルタの看護師・介護福祉士候補者のみなさん。
We want to say a big thank you to the numerous tender-hearted Giovannis who sympathized with disaster victims and did all these things for the sake of their happiness. We will not forget your acts of kindness.
遠い異国の被災者のつらさをわがものと受け止め、他者のしあわせを自分のしあわせに置きかえる無数のやさしいジョバンニに、私たちはこう伝えたい。ありがとう、あなたがたの気持ちは忘れません、と。
Foreign residents in Japan also prepared meals and removed debris in the battered areas. Goodwill and consideration beyond national borders and nationalities has encouraged the Japanese who have been absorbed in grief.
日本に住む外国人も、被災地に行って炊き出しなどのボランティアをしている。震災で悲しみに沈む日本人にとり、国境や国籍を超えた思いやりは大きなはげましだった。
After the big earthquake, the huge tsunami and the nuclear power plant catastrophe, we had been at a loss as to what to do over the series of unmitigated disasters but are now feeling firsthand the bonds of friendship.
大地震と大津波と原発事故。容赦ない災害の連鎖にぼうぜんとなりながらも、私たちは今、世界との絆を感じている。
Japan is not alone. We firmly believe this as we face a long road to reconstruction and revival.
日本は一人じゃない。復興と再生への遠い道のりを前にしながら、そう思う。
Until this recent disaster, Japan had been a provider of support. We are now on the receiving end of support from around the world.
私たちはこれまで、支援を与える側にいた。その私たちが、支援を受ける側に立った。
Thai Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva who mapped out an emergency support budget worth as much as 550 million yen said, "Japan has played an important role in the development of Thailand over the last 50 years. This is an opportunity to return the favor."
約５億５０００万円の緊急支援予算を組んだタイのアピシット首相は「日本はこの５０年間、タイの発展に重要な役割を担ってきた。タイが恩に報いるのはこの機会だ」と語った。
Many countries and international organizations say this is their turn to help Japan, which has long helped them.
多くの国や国際機関が、いままで助けてくれた日本を今度は私たちが助ける番だ、と言ってくれる。
International support, coexistence, co-prosperity, global citizens... we are touched by these words, which we had long just used like a recital. We recognize anew that goodwill beyond national borders is so heart-warming on the receiving side.
国際支援、共存共栄、地球市民。お題目のように使ってきたこうした言葉が、抽象的ではなく、生き生きとした実感を伴って、私たちの胸に響く。外国から寄せられる善意が、困難な環境にいる人たちにとって、どれほど心温まるものかを、私たちは今さらながらに知った。
Big aftershocks continue and it is not clear as to when the hardship of disaster victims will end. There are no estimates as to when the nuclear accident will be under control.
大きな余震が続き、震災被災者たちの苦境は、いつ終わるともしれない。原発事故が収束するかどうかもなお、予測がつかない。
It will take a little more time before a fully vibrant Japanese society will re-emerge. But we will come back as a strong and striking nation to respond to the encouragement from the international community and transform ourselves into a nation that can host many visitors from abroad once again.
再び活力あふれる日本社会が戻ってくるまでには、もう少し時間がかかるだろう。だが私たちは、強じんで魅力ある国として、必ず復活する。国際社会からの温かいエールに応えるためにも。世界中からまた、たくさんの人がやってくる国にするためにも。
Japan is not alone. At the same time, it means Japan cannot live alone. We are a nation that is destined to depend on other countries for energy resources and food and live on as a trading nation. A peaceful existence is essential for Japan's survival.
日本は一人じゃない。それは、同時に、日本は一人では生きられないということでもある。エネルギー資源や食料を海外に依存し、外国と交易しながら生きていくことを、運命づけられた国である。平和な日常は、日本の生存にとって不可欠である。
Accordingly, we want to be a compassionate country -- more than ever considerate of others' pain. There are many people in the world who have lost their jobs and families and live in poverty and suffer from diseases due to unjust external forces such as natural disasters and conflicts.
であればこそ私たちは、他者の痛みに、よりいっそう敏感な国でありたい。自然災害や紛争など、不条理な外部からの力によって仕事や家族や大切な人を失い、貧困や疾病に苦しむ人たちが、世界にはおおぜいいるのだから。
We will place the utmost importance on the opening of our eyes to the world and the protection of individual dignity. That is the path we will take to show our appreciation for the support from the international community during this devastating disaster.
外に目を開き、この地球に住む一人一人の人間の尊厳を守ることを何よりも大切にする－－。それが、震災でいただいた世界の支援に、私たちが応える道ではないだろうか。
毎日新聞 2011年4月15日 東京朝刊
2011/04/14
レベル７ 「最悪」の更新を防げ
(Mainichi Japan) April 13, 2011
Japan must prevent another Level 7 nuclear plant crisis by all means
社説：レベル７ 「最悪」の更新を防げ
The Chernobyl disaster in 1986, which was rated Level 7 on the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES), is still regarded as the world's worst nuclear power plant accident in history. Level 7 crises are accidents that lead to "major releases of radioactive materials."
世界の原発史上最悪の事故は８６年に旧ソ連で起きたチェルノブイリ原発事故と考えられてきた。国際評価尺度（ＩＮＥＳ）では、「放射性物質の重大な外部放出」を伴うレベル７と評価されている。
Just recently, the government has raised the level of the crisis at the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant that was hit hard by a massive tsunami generated by the March 11 Great East Japan Earthquake to Level 7 on the INES.
政府は、東京電力福島第１原発で続いている事故もまた、レベル７に相当すると認めた。
The decision will not cause any change in the work underway to place the crippled nuclear plant under control. Now, there is no choice but to take all possible measures to cool down the cores of the affected reactors.
これによって事故収束に向けた作業が変わるわけではない。今は安定した冷却に向け、あらゆる対策をとっていくしか選択肢はない。
Still, questions remain as to why the crisis level was raised at this time. It would be a problem if it reflects the government's underestimation of the seriousness of the crisis and reluctance to fully release information on the accident.
しかし、なぜ今ごろになって評価を引き上げたのか、疑問は残る。事故に対する認識の甘さや、情報公開への及び腰な態度を反映してのことなら、問題だ。
The government raised the crisis level of the Fukushima nuclear accident from 4 to 5 on March 18. By that time, explosions and fires had occurred near the affected reactors one after another. It was obvious that a considerable amount of radioactive substances had been leaking from the reactors, judging from the levels of radiation around the plant.
政府は福島原発の事故を３月１８日にレベル４から５に引き上げている。この時すでに、原子炉周辺では次々と爆発や火災が起きていた。周囲の放射線レベルを見ても、かなりの量の放射性物質が放出されているのは明らかだった。
Nevertheless, an estimation of the total amount of radiation leaked from the plant, based on which the crisis level was rated 7, had not been released until recently. The government explained that it took a long time to increase the accuracy of the data. However, it will lose the public's confidence if it had been aware that the accident should be rated Level 7 but delayed the announcement by saying it was still analyzing figures.
ところが、レベル７の判断材料となる放出総量の試算はなかなか公開されなかった。精度を上げるのに時間がかかったというのが政府の説明だが、レベル７を認識しつつ、毎日「試算中」と答えるにとどまったとすれば信頼を損なう。
The government was also slow in releasing the cumulative radiation levels, based on which evacuation plans are worked out. The data, which is indispensable in ensuring the safety of residents near the plant, must be transparent and released promptly.
計画避難の判断基準となる積算線量の公開にも、もたつきが見られた。積算線量は住民の安全を守るために不可欠なデータで、情報公開に不透明さや遅れがあってはならない。
The government has also emphasized the differences between the Fukushima plant accident and the Chernobyl crisis. It is true that the Fukushima accident is different from Chernobyl in which massive levels of radiation were released in a short period of time and that some people died of acute radiation exposure. The amount of radiation that has leaked from the Fukushima plant is estimated at one-tenth of that which leaked from the Chernobyl plant.
政府は、チェルノブイリと福島原発の事故の違いも強調している。確かに、放射性物質が一時に大量放出され、被ばくによる急性放射線障害で死者が出たチェルノブイリとは状況が異なる。これまでのところ放出量も１０分の１と見積もられている。
At the same time, the Fukushima crisis is unprecedented in that four of its reactors simultaneously became out of control. Slow but constant radiation leaks from the plant have confused local residents. No one can tell how long the crisis will continue or whether it will develop into a more serious catastrophe.
一方で、福島原発では４基が一度に制御不能に陥るという前代未聞の事態が起きた。だらだら続く放出は、周辺住民を翻弄（ほんろう）している。それがいつまで続くのか、もっと深刻な事態が起きるのか。予測はつかない。
Therefore, Japan is required by the international community to reconfirm the seriousness of the Fukushima nuclear plant crisis and respond to it rather than compare the degree of the accident with that of the Chernobyl crisis. Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO) that operates the crippled Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant as well as the government should reflect on their overly optimistic thinking that an accident like the Chernobyl crisis would never happen in Japan, which led to the serious situation at the Fukushima plant.
そう考えると、事故の程度を比較するより、改めて福島原発の深刻さを受け止め、対処することが国際的にも求められる。日本ではチェルノブイリのような事故は起こり得ないと考えた東電や政府の甘さが過酷な事故につながったことも再確認すべきだ。
Powerful aftershocks following the March 11 earthquake have been occurring in not only Fukushima Prefecture but also many other areas. The crisis has illustrated the vulnerability of nuclear power plants -- they tend to lose external electric power sources necessary to cool down the reactor cores if hit by powerful temblors. It is also obvious that some of the nuclear power plants across the country face risks of being paralyzed by powerful quakes and ensuing tsunami.
福島だけでなく各地で大きな余震が続いている。地震で外部電源が失われやすいという原発施設の弱点も浮き彫りになった。全国の原発の中に巨大地震や津波のリスクを抱えているものがあることも明らかだ。
While working to place the plant under control, the government and power suppliers must inspect nuclear power plants across the country and take measures to prevent major earthquakes and tsunami from causing major crises at these facilities. Another Level 7 nuclear power plant catastrophe must be prevented by all means.
福島の事態収拾とは別に点検と対策を急ぐべきだ。レベル７をもうひとつ抱えるような事態は、決して引き起こしてはならない。
毎日新聞 2011年4月13日 東京朝刊
Japan must prevent another Level 7 nuclear plant crisis by all means
社説：レベル７ 「最悪」の更新を防げ
The Chernobyl disaster in 1986, which was rated Level 7 on the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES), is still regarded as the world's worst nuclear power plant accident in history. Level 7 crises are accidents that lead to "major releases of radioactive materials."
世界の原発史上最悪の事故は８６年に旧ソ連で起きたチェルノブイリ原発事故と考えられてきた。国際評価尺度（ＩＮＥＳ）では、「放射性物質の重大な外部放出」を伴うレベル７と評価されている。
Just recently, the government has raised the level of the crisis at the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant that was hit hard by a massive tsunami generated by the March 11 Great East Japan Earthquake to Level 7 on the INES.
政府は、東京電力福島第１原発で続いている事故もまた、レベル７に相当すると認めた。
The decision will not cause any change in the work underway to place the crippled nuclear plant under control. Now, there is no choice but to take all possible measures to cool down the cores of the affected reactors.
これによって事故収束に向けた作業が変わるわけではない。今は安定した冷却に向け、あらゆる対策をとっていくしか選択肢はない。
Still, questions remain as to why the crisis level was raised at this time. It would be a problem if it reflects the government's underestimation of the seriousness of the crisis and reluctance to fully release information on the accident.
しかし、なぜ今ごろになって評価を引き上げたのか、疑問は残る。事故に対する認識の甘さや、情報公開への及び腰な態度を反映してのことなら、問題だ。
The government raised the crisis level of the Fukushima nuclear accident from 4 to 5 on March 18. By that time, explosions and fires had occurred near the affected reactors one after another. It was obvious that a considerable amount of radioactive substances had been leaking from the reactors, judging from the levels of radiation around the plant.
政府は福島原発の事故を３月１８日にレベル４から５に引き上げている。この時すでに、原子炉周辺では次々と爆発や火災が起きていた。周囲の放射線レベルを見ても、かなりの量の放射性物質が放出されているのは明らかだった。
Nevertheless, an estimation of the total amount of radiation leaked from the plant, based on which the crisis level was rated 7, had not been released until recently. The government explained that it took a long time to increase the accuracy of the data. However, it will lose the public's confidence if it had been aware that the accident should be rated Level 7 but delayed the announcement by saying it was still analyzing figures.
ところが、レベル７の判断材料となる放出総量の試算はなかなか公開されなかった。精度を上げるのに時間がかかったというのが政府の説明だが、レベル７を認識しつつ、毎日「試算中」と答えるにとどまったとすれば信頼を損なう。
The government was also slow in releasing the cumulative radiation levels, based on which evacuation plans are worked out. The data, which is indispensable in ensuring the safety of residents near the plant, must be transparent and released promptly.
計画避難の判断基準となる積算線量の公開にも、もたつきが見られた。積算線量は住民の安全を守るために不可欠なデータで、情報公開に不透明さや遅れがあってはならない。
The government has also emphasized the differences between the Fukushima plant accident and the Chernobyl crisis. It is true that the Fukushima accident is different from Chernobyl in which massive levels of radiation were released in a short period of time and that some people died of acute radiation exposure. The amount of radiation that has leaked from the Fukushima plant is estimated at one-tenth of that which leaked from the Chernobyl plant.
政府は、チェルノブイリと福島原発の事故の違いも強調している。確かに、放射性物質が一時に大量放出され、被ばくによる急性放射線障害で死者が出たチェルノブイリとは状況が異なる。これまでのところ放出量も１０分の１と見積もられている。
At the same time, the Fukushima crisis is unprecedented in that four of its reactors simultaneously became out of control. Slow but constant radiation leaks from the plant have confused local residents. No one can tell how long the crisis will continue or whether it will develop into a more serious catastrophe.
一方で、福島原発では４基が一度に制御不能に陥るという前代未聞の事態が起きた。だらだら続く放出は、周辺住民を翻弄（ほんろう）している。それがいつまで続くのか、もっと深刻な事態が起きるのか。予測はつかない。
Therefore, Japan is required by the international community to reconfirm the seriousness of the Fukushima nuclear plant crisis and respond to it rather than compare the degree of the accident with that of the Chernobyl crisis. Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO) that operates the crippled Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant as well as the government should reflect on their overly optimistic thinking that an accident like the Chernobyl crisis would never happen in Japan, which led to the serious situation at the Fukushima plant.
そう考えると、事故の程度を比較するより、改めて福島原発の深刻さを受け止め、対処することが国際的にも求められる。日本ではチェルノブイリのような事故は起こり得ないと考えた東電や政府の甘さが過酷な事故につながったことも再確認すべきだ。
Powerful aftershocks following the March 11 earthquake have been occurring in not only Fukushima Prefecture but also many other areas. The crisis has illustrated the vulnerability of nuclear power plants -- they tend to lose external electric power sources necessary to cool down the reactor cores if hit by powerful temblors. It is also obvious that some of the nuclear power plants across the country face risks of being paralyzed by powerful quakes and ensuing tsunami.
福島だけでなく各地で大きな余震が続いている。地震で外部電源が失われやすいという原発施設の弱点も浮き彫りになった。全国の原発の中に巨大地震や津波のリスクを抱えているものがあることも明らかだ。
While working to place the plant under control, the government and power suppliers must inspect nuclear power plants across the country and take measures to prevent major earthquakes and tsunami from causing major crises at these facilities. Another Level 7 nuclear power plant catastrophe must be prevented by all means.
福島の事態収拾とは別に点検と対策を急ぐべきだ。レベル７をもうひとつ抱えるような事態は、決して引き起こしてはならない。
毎日新聞 2011年4月13日 東京朝刊
2011/04/13
政治の１カ月 責任感がなお乏しい
(Mainichi Japan) April 12, 2011
Politicians must put aside differences, join hands to overcome disaster
社説：政治の１カ月 責任感がなお乏しい
April 11 marked one month since a massive earthquake and tsunami devastated northeastern Japan, claiming thousands of lives. The administration of Prime Minister Naoto Kan remains in a difficult position, burdened with the tasks of supporting and restoring disaster-hit areas, while trying to overcome the crisis at Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO)'s Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant.
東日本大震災の発生から１１日で１カ月となる。被災地の支援・復興と東京電力福島第１原発の危機回避。同時進行の対応を求められる菅直人政権にとって依然として苦しい状況が続く。
At the same time, the presence of the Diet in the crisis has been weak. Now is the time for the ruling and opposition parties to jointly exercise their wisdom and utilize the power of politics.
一方で国会の影も薄いままだ。政治の力をどう結集するか。与野党は改めて知恵を出し合う時だ。
Looking back on the month since the earthquake and tsunami, it is lamentable that the initial response to the crisis at the nuclear power plant was so slow.
１カ月を振り返り、今さらながらに悔やまれるのは福島第１原発の「複合事故」に対する初動の遅れだ。
Why, for example, didn't officials quickly open vents to release pressure in the nuclear reactor containment vessels?
例えば原子炉格納容器の弁を開けて圧力を下げる「ベント」に、なぜもっと早く踏み切れなかったのか。
The Mainichi and other media outlets have been probing the handling of the crisis, and it seems that there was a lack of mutual understanding between the government and TEPCO. In fact there was even a degree of mistrust -- a factor that no doubt hampered the response to the disaster.
毎日新聞をはじめ既に検証を試みているが、政府と東京電力との間に意思疎通がなく、逆に不信感さえ生んで、その後の対応にも悪影響を及ぼしたのは確かだろう。
Naturally, top priority must now be given to bringing the crisis under control as soon as possible. People in Japan and across the world are closely watching the handling of the crisis, and the government must conduct its own investigation to flush out any problems.
もちろん今は原発危機を一刻も早く回避するのが最優先だが、今回の原発事故対応には国民は当然のこと、世界中が注視している。政府自身が詳細に検証し、問題点を洗い出すのが今後の大きな課題となる。
Still, government bureaucrats have been complaining that information isn't being shared and that it is unclear where reports should be filed. These issues remain a point of concern.
１カ月が経過するというのに、なお懸念されるのは各府省の官僚側から「情報が共有されていない」「誰に報告したらいいか分からない」などの不満が漏れていることだ。
Since the March 11 earthquake, more than 20 headquarters, councils and affiliated teams have been set up to boost the response by the Prime Minister's Office to the disaster.
大震災後、官邸の態勢強化のため設置された「本部」や「会議」は傘下のチームも含めると２０を超える。
Administrative vice ministers from all government ministries have also joined a liaison council helping government agencies communicate on support measures for people affected by the disaster.
被災者生活支援各府省連絡会議には全府省の事務次官も集めた。
But the chain of command remains unclear -- an issue that is said to have caused confusion.
ところが指揮系統が不明確で混乱の要因となっているという。
The prime minister apparently harbors his own sense of distrust toward bureaucrats, but leadership involves putting administrative organizations to use.
首相には官僚に対する不信感もあるようだ。だが、行政組織を使いこなすのも指導力だ。
What Kan needs to do now is clearly state: "I'll leave you to do the things that you can do, but I'll take the final responsibility."
今必要なのは「任せるところは任せる。しかし最後の責任は私が取る」という姿勢をもっと明確にすることだ。
Without such a stance he will not be able to win the public's trust.
それがなければ国民の信頼も得られない。
Opposition parties also have a big role to play.
野党にも大きな役割が求められている。
The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) has hinted it will not form a grand coalition government with the ruling Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ). Instead, the party says, it will aim to become a "responsible opposition party," cooperating on issues that it should combine forces on. However, this has probably left many people with the impression that the LDP is only backing away from the front lines.
自民党は連立政権に加わるのは拒否する考えを示し、協力すべき点は協力する「責任野党」を目指すというが、多くの国民には腰が引けていると映っているのではないか。
The Mainichi has called for the formation of a "recovery Cabinet" with the ruling and opposition parties working in unison to help Japan recover from the disaster. The reason for this is that we believe now is not the time for parties to spend all their efforts engaged in their longstanding political bickering.
毎日新聞が日本の再生・復興に向け与野党が一致協力する「日本再生内閣」を樹立するよう求めているのは、与野党が昔ながらの政争に明け暮れている場合ではないと考えるからだ。
One comment that recently emerged from political circles was that Kan should have been more humble in soliciting LDP leader Sadakazu Tanigaki's cooperation when he asked Tanigaki to join the Cabinet, as this would have altered the situation.
「菅首相が自民党の谷垣禎一総裁に入閣を求めた際、もっと謙虚に協力をお願いすべきだった。そうすれば様相は変わっていた」という声も聞く。
To look at this another way, we would like to think that there is still room for the DPJ and the LDP to come together.
裏を返せば民主党と自民党が歩み寄る素地はまだ残っていると考えたい。
At the same time, the DPJ and the LDP are not the only two players.
民主、自民両党だけではない。
We also want the other opposition parties to serious think about how they can create an "All-Japan" disaster response team.
他の野党も「オールジャパン」体制をどう構築するか、真剣に考えてほしい。
Now is the time for Diet members to transform their mindsets.
国会議員こそ発想を大きく転換する時期である。
毎日新聞 2011年4月11日 4時00分
Politicians must put aside differences, join hands to overcome disaster
社説：政治の１カ月 責任感がなお乏しい
April 11 marked one month since a massive earthquake and tsunami devastated northeastern Japan, claiming thousands of lives. The administration of Prime Minister Naoto Kan remains in a difficult position, burdened with the tasks of supporting and restoring disaster-hit areas, while trying to overcome the crisis at Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO)'s Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant.
東日本大震災の発生から１１日で１カ月となる。被災地の支援・復興と東京電力福島第１原発の危機回避。同時進行の対応を求められる菅直人政権にとって依然として苦しい状況が続く。
At the same time, the presence of the Diet in the crisis has been weak. Now is the time for the ruling and opposition parties to jointly exercise their wisdom and utilize the power of politics.
一方で国会の影も薄いままだ。政治の力をどう結集するか。与野党は改めて知恵を出し合う時だ。
Looking back on the month since the earthquake and tsunami, it is lamentable that the initial response to the crisis at the nuclear power plant was so slow.
１カ月を振り返り、今さらながらに悔やまれるのは福島第１原発の「複合事故」に対する初動の遅れだ。
Why, for example, didn't officials quickly open vents to release pressure in the nuclear reactor containment vessels?
例えば原子炉格納容器の弁を開けて圧力を下げる「ベント」に、なぜもっと早く踏み切れなかったのか。
The Mainichi and other media outlets have been probing the handling of the crisis, and it seems that there was a lack of mutual understanding between the government and TEPCO. In fact there was even a degree of mistrust -- a factor that no doubt hampered the response to the disaster.
毎日新聞をはじめ既に検証を試みているが、政府と東京電力との間に意思疎通がなく、逆に不信感さえ生んで、その後の対応にも悪影響を及ぼしたのは確かだろう。
Naturally, top priority must now be given to bringing the crisis under control as soon as possible. People in Japan and across the world are closely watching the handling of the crisis, and the government must conduct its own investigation to flush out any problems.
もちろん今は原発危機を一刻も早く回避するのが最優先だが、今回の原発事故対応には国民は当然のこと、世界中が注視している。政府自身が詳細に検証し、問題点を洗い出すのが今後の大きな課題となる。
Still, government bureaucrats have been complaining that information isn't being shared and that it is unclear where reports should be filed. These issues remain a point of concern.
１カ月が経過するというのに、なお懸念されるのは各府省の官僚側から「情報が共有されていない」「誰に報告したらいいか分からない」などの不満が漏れていることだ。
Since the March 11 earthquake, more than 20 headquarters, councils and affiliated teams have been set up to boost the response by the Prime Minister's Office to the disaster.
大震災後、官邸の態勢強化のため設置された「本部」や「会議」は傘下のチームも含めると２０を超える。
Administrative vice ministers from all government ministries have also joined a liaison council helping government agencies communicate on support measures for people affected by the disaster.
被災者生活支援各府省連絡会議には全府省の事務次官も集めた。
But the chain of command remains unclear -- an issue that is said to have caused confusion.
ところが指揮系統が不明確で混乱の要因となっているという。
The prime minister apparently harbors his own sense of distrust toward bureaucrats, but leadership involves putting administrative organizations to use.
首相には官僚に対する不信感もあるようだ。だが、行政組織を使いこなすのも指導力だ。
What Kan needs to do now is clearly state: "I'll leave you to do the things that you can do, but I'll take the final responsibility."
今必要なのは「任せるところは任せる。しかし最後の責任は私が取る」という姿勢をもっと明確にすることだ。
Without such a stance he will not be able to win the public's trust.
それがなければ国民の信頼も得られない。
Opposition parties also have a big role to play.
野党にも大きな役割が求められている。
The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) has hinted it will not form a grand coalition government with the ruling Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ). Instead, the party says, it will aim to become a "responsible opposition party," cooperating on issues that it should combine forces on. However, this has probably left many people with the impression that the LDP is only backing away from the front lines.
自民党は連立政権に加わるのは拒否する考えを示し、協力すべき点は協力する「責任野党」を目指すというが、多くの国民には腰が引けていると映っているのではないか。
The Mainichi has called for the formation of a "recovery Cabinet" with the ruling and opposition parties working in unison to help Japan recover from the disaster. The reason for this is that we believe now is not the time for parties to spend all their efforts engaged in their longstanding political bickering.
毎日新聞が日本の再生・復興に向け与野党が一致協力する「日本再生内閣」を樹立するよう求めているのは、与野党が昔ながらの政争に明け暮れている場合ではないと考えるからだ。
One comment that recently emerged from political circles was that Kan should have been more humble in soliciting LDP leader Sadakazu Tanigaki's cooperation when he asked Tanigaki to join the Cabinet, as this would have altered the situation.
「菅首相が自民党の谷垣禎一総裁に入閣を求めた際、もっと謙虚に協力をお願いすべきだった。そうすれば様相は変わっていた」という声も聞く。
To look at this another way, we would like to think that there is still room for the DPJ and the LDP to come together.
裏を返せば民主党と自民党が歩み寄る素地はまだ残っていると考えたい。
At the same time, the DPJ and the LDP are not the only two players.
民主、自民両党だけではない。
We also want the other opposition parties to serious think about how they can create an "All-Japan" disaster response team.
他の野党も「オールジャパン」体制をどう構築するか、真剣に考えてほしい。
Now is the time for Diet members to transform their mindsets.
国会議員こそ発想を大きく転換する時期である。
毎日新聞 2011年4月11日 4時00分
2011/04/12
Ｍ７級余震―揺れても守れる態勢を
2011/04/10
--The Asahi Shimbun, April 9
EDITORIAL: Japan needs to brace for period of big quakes
Ｍ７級余震―揺れても守れる態勢を
Mother Nature is merciless.
無情というほかない。
It is still less than a month since the Great East Japan Earthquake devastated so many coastal cities and towns in northeastern Japan.
東日本大震災からまだひと月もたたない。
The victims of the massive quake and tsunami are struggling to come to terms with their painful losses and trying to take steps toward rebuilding their shattered lives.
人々が喪失と向き合い、生活を取り戻すために動きだそうというときである。
But late Thursday night, the ravaged Tohoku region was rocked by another big quake, which registered an upper 6 on the Japanese intensity scale.
深夜の東北地方を、最大震度６強の揺れが襲った。
The Thursday quake, centered off Miyagi Prefecture, measured magnitude 7.1. This is a powerful earthquake in its own right, the kind that rarely occurs. But it is an aftershock of the March 11 temblor, which measured magnitude 9.0.
震源は宮城県沖でマグニチュード（Ｍ）７．１。それだけでもめったにない大地震だが、Ｍ９だった３月１１日の本震の余震だという。
Experts say we should brace for aftershocks of magnitude 7 or so for at least half a year after that mega-quake.
Ｍ９の地震後、少なくとも半年はＭ７級の余震を覚悟する必要があるという専門家の指摘もある。
A period of tension and anxiety will continue for a while.
まだまだ気をやすめることができない状態が続く。
Under such circumstances, what is most important is to ensure people in the disaster areas will not suffer additional damage.
こうしたなかで、なによりも気を配るべきは、被災地の人々が二重、三重の被害に遭わないようにすることだ。
When the Thursday aftershock hit, lighting equipment at a gymnasium in the city of Sendai that is used as an evacuation center shook wildly and made ominous sounds. Some of the evacuees reportedly feared that the equipment could fall on them.
余震がきたとき、仙台市内の体育館では、照明が音を立てて揺れ「落ちてきそうで怖かった」と感じる住民がいたという。被災者がどれほど揺れにおびえているかがわかる。
The first thing to do is to take sufficient safety measures at the evacuation centers.
避難所の安全策にまず心を用いたい。
In the quake-stricken areas, various efforts for rebuilding have started. These efforts should be made under the assumption that more big aftershocks could occur.
被災地では、復興に向けたさまざまな作業が始まっている。これらの仕事も、大きな余震が今後も起こる可能性を織り込みながら進めてほしい。
What is most worrisome is the damage the aftershock has done to nuclear power plants in the region.
一方、最も気がかりなのは原子力発電所である。
An emergency generator was activated at the Higashidori Nuclear Power Station, operated by Tohoku Electric Power Co., after its external power was knocked out by the aftershock.
この余震で、東北電力の東通原発では外部電源が切れて、非常用発電機を動かすことになった。
The company's Onagawa Nuclear Power Station lost two of its three external power systems.
女川原発でも一部の外部電源しか使えなくなった。
These facts are frightening, given that the ongoing crisis at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant was triggered by the loss of all power sources.
福島第一原発の事故のきっかけが電源喪失だったことを思い返すと、背筋が寒くなる。
If external power sources are so vulnerable to earthquakes, all the emergency diesel generators at nuclear power plants must be checked now to see if they will kick in immediately. In addition, power generation vehicles should be readied as a second backup to have multiple fail-safes in place.
外部電源がこれほどもろいなら、非常用発電機がすぐ働くかどうかを改めて確かめ、それもだめなときは電源車を使うという多重の態勢を万全にする必要がある。
The disastrous failure at the Fukushima No. 1 plant must never be repeated again.
「福島第一」の失敗を、絶対に再現してはならない。
Nuclear power plants in the Tohoku region have been shaken repeatedly by the March 11 quake and its aftershocks. We fear that some parts of them may have been weakened. They all should be checked for safety.
東北地方の原発は、本震や余震で何度も揺すられてきた。弱くなっているところがないか心配だ。点検を急ぐべきだ。
A mega-quake that occurs at the boundaries of sea-floor plates, like the one that hit northeastern Japan on March 11, could be followed by another giant quake that is too big to be categorized as an aftershock.
３月１１日の本震のように海底のプレート（岩板）境界で起こる巨大地震は、余震の域を超えた大地震も伴うことがある。
For instance, two years after the 1944 Tonankai earthquake, with an estimated magnitude of 7.9, struck off the city of Owase, Mie Prefecture, the magnitude-8.0 Nankai earthquake took place off nearby Wakayama Prefecture.
たとえば、１９４４年の東南海地震の２年後には南海地震が起こっている。
The 1854 Ansei Tokai earthquake was followed by the Ansei Nankai earthquake the next day. The two are called twin earthquakes.
１８５４年には安政東海地震の翌日に安政南海地震が続いた。双子地震と呼ばれる。
A massive movement on the boundaries of plates could also stimulate inland active faults.
さらに、プレート境界の大きな動きが影響して、内陸の活断層が刺激されることもある。
We should assume that the Japanese archipelago is now facing a high risk of major seismic events.
日本列島は今、地震リスクが高いとみるべきだろう。
Effective measures should be taken to prepare for an earthquake not just in the Tohoku region but also in the rest of the nation.
東北だけでなく全国で、地震への備えを強めたい。
--The Asahi Shimbun, April 9
EDITORIAL: Japan needs to brace for period of big quakes
Ｍ７級余震―揺れても守れる態勢を
Mother Nature is merciless.
無情というほかない。
It is still less than a month since the Great East Japan Earthquake devastated so many coastal cities and towns in northeastern Japan.
東日本大震災からまだひと月もたたない。
The victims of the massive quake and tsunami are struggling to come to terms with their painful losses and trying to take steps toward rebuilding their shattered lives.
人々が喪失と向き合い、生活を取り戻すために動きだそうというときである。
But late Thursday night, the ravaged Tohoku region was rocked by another big quake, which registered an upper 6 on the Japanese intensity scale.
深夜の東北地方を、最大震度６強の揺れが襲った。
The Thursday quake, centered off Miyagi Prefecture, measured magnitude 7.1. This is a powerful earthquake in its own right, the kind that rarely occurs. But it is an aftershock of the March 11 temblor, which measured magnitude 9.0.
震源は宮城県沖でマグニチュード（Ｍ）７．１。それだけでもめったにない大地震だが、Ｍ９だった３月１１日の本震の余震だという。
Experts say we should brace for aftershocks of magnitude 7 or so for at least half a year after that mega-quake.
Ｍ９の地震後、少なくとも半年はＭ７級の余震を覚悟する必要があるという専門家の指摘もある。
A period of tension and anxiety will continue for a while.
まだまだ気をやすめることができない状態が続く。
Under such circumstances, what is most important is to ensure people in the disaster areas will not suffer additional damage.
こうしたなかで、なによりも気を配るべきは、被災地の人々が二重、三重の被害に遭わないようにすることだ。
When the Thursday aftershock hit, lighting equipment at a gymnasium in the city of Sendai that is used as an evacuation center shook wildly and made ominous sounds. Some of the evacuees reportedly feared that the equipment could fall on them.
余震がきたとき、仙台市内の体育館では、照明が音を立てて揺れ「落ちてきそうで怖かった」と感じる住民がいたという。被災者がどれほど揺れにおびえているかがわかる。
The first thing to do is to take sufficient safety measures at the evacuation centers.
避難所の安全策にまず心を用いたい。
In the quake-stricken areas, various efforts for rebuilding have started. These efforts should be made under the assumption that more big aftershocks could occur.
被災地では、復興に向けたさまざまな作業が始まっている。これらの仕事も、大きな余震が今後も起こる可能性を織り込みながら進めてほしい。
What is most worrisome is the damage the aftershock has done to nuclear power plants in the region.
一方、最も気がかりなのは原子力発電所である。
An emergency generator was activated at the Higashidori Nuclear Power Station, operated by Tohoku Electric Power Co., after its external power was knocked out by the aftershock.
この余震で、東北電力の東通原発では外部電源が切れて、非常用発電機を動かすことになった。
The company's Onagawa Nuclear Power Station lost two of its three external power systems.
女川原発でも一部の外部電源しか使えなくなった。
These facts are frightening, given that the ongoing crisis at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant was triggered by the loss of all power sources.
福島第一原発の事故のきっかけが電源喪失だったことを思い返すと、背筋が寒くなる。
If external power sources are so vulnerable to earthquakes, all the emergency diesel generators at nuclear power plants must be checked now to see if they will kick in immediately. In addition, power generation vehicles should be readied as a second backup to have multiple fail-safes in place.
外部電源がこれほどもろいなら、非常用発電機がすぐ働くかどうかを改めて確かめ、それもだめなときは電源車を使うという多重の態勢を万全にする必要がある。
The disastrous failure at the Fukushima No. 1 plant must never be repeated again.
「福島第一」の失敗を、絶対に再現してはならない。
Nuclear power plants in the Tohoku region have been shaken repeatedly by the March 11 quake and its aftershocks. We fear that some parts of them may have been weakened. They all should be checked for safety.
東北地方の原発は、本震や余震で何度も揺すられてきた。弱くなっているところがないか心配だ。点検を急ぐべきだ。
A mega-quake that occurs at the boundaries of sea-floor plates, like the one that hit northeastern Japan on March 11, could be followed by another giant quake that is too big to be categorized as an aftershock.
３月１１日の本震のように海底のプレート（岩板）境界で起こる巨大地震は、余震の域を超えた大地震も伴うことがある。
For instance, two years after the 1944 Tonankai earthquake, with an estimated magnitude of 7.9, struck off the city of Owase, Mie Prefecture, the magnitude-8.0 Nankai earthquake took place off nearby Wakayama Prefecture.
たとえば、１９４４年の東南海地震の２年後には南海地震が起こっている。
The 1854 Ansei Tokai earthquake was followed by the Ansei Nankai earthquake the next day. The two are called twin earthquakes.
１８５４年には安政東海地震の翌日に安政南海地震が続いた。双子地震と呼ばれる。
A massive movement on the boundaries of plates could also stimulate inland active faults.
さらに、プレート境界の大きな動きが影響して、内陸の活断層が刺激されることもある。
We should assume that the Japanese archipelago is now facing a high risk of major seismic events.
日本列島は今、地震リスクが高いとみるべきだろう。
Effective measures should be taken to prepare for an earthquake not just in the Tohoku region but also in the rest of the nation.
東北だけでなく全国で、地震への備えを強めたい。
2011/04/11
無理にがんばらない
(Mainichi Japan) April 10, 2011
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Don't be afraid to seek professional help
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：無理にがんばらない ／東京
Whenever I speak at lectures, I remind my audience not to hesitate to seek professional assistance when they have problems.
ときどき講演に出かけることがある。そこでいつも強調するのが、「遠慮なく専門家を頼ってください」ということだ。
At my consultation room, I sometimes see people who tried to endure suffering for a lengthy period of time before they finally decided to receive counseling. In one case, it took nearly two years for a patient with insomnia to seek professional help.
診察室でもときどき、「不眠になったのは２年前」などと長期間、受診しないでがまんしてきた人に出会う。
"I felt my problem was too small and I should not go to hospital. I was trying to face up to the situation on my own," one patient said.
その人たちは、「これくらいで病院に来てはいけない、自分でなんとかしなくちゃ、と思っていました」と語る。
Actually though, you don't have to push yourself too hard. Feel free to turn to a specialist for advice as soon as you notice something is wrong with you.
本当は、そんなにがんばる必要はない。「あれ、いつもと違うな」と思った時点で、遠慮なく専門医のところを訪れてよいのだ。
The same holds true for other problems, but a lot of people tend to avoid seeking professional help until the very last minute.
「ギリギリまでがまんする」というのは、精神科の診察室だけで見られることではない。
I often hear various institutions, such as a law firm specializing in debt problems and a consumer affairs center fighting against scams, say, "They should have come to talk to us much earlier."
借金の相談を得意とする弁護士事務所、悪徳商法の相談を受ける消費者センターなど、どの専門機関でも「もっと早く相談に来てくれればいいのに」という声を聞く。
It seems that a lot of people are feeling hesitant about sharing their problems with experts and believe that they must solve their problems on their own.
相談者は、「私の問題だから、私がなんとかしなきゃ」と思って遠慮しているようだ。
"Some clients said they were worried that we would blame them for their troubles. We would never do that," said a worker at a nonprofit organization that supports individuals with financial difficulties.
「“自分のせいでしょう”と怒られるんじゃないか、と怖がっていた人もいます。そんなはずはないのに……」。生活苦の相談に応じるＮＰＯ法人で、こんな声を聞いたこともある。
Experts and institutions specializing in fields such as welfare, medicine, law, etc. are there to help you when your problems got out of control. So, I have always asked my patients to stop blaming themselves and ask professionals for help.
しかし、福祉、医療、法律などの専門家や専門機関は、一般の人が自分の力でどうにもできない問題を片づけるためにいるのだ。がまんしたり「私が悪いんだ」と思い込んだりしないで、「なんとかしてくださいよ」と頼ってほしい。私はそう、訴えてきた。
I wonder if the victims of the recent earthquake and tsunami are reaching out for help.
今回の災害の被災者たちは、どうなのだろう。
It's been nearly one month since the disaster, and I wonder if residents in the region have recovered a little peace of mind and begun to seek support from specialized organizations as they struggle to restore their lives.
ひと月近くがたち、少し落ち着いてきた人たちは、今後の生活の再建に向けていろいろな専門機関を利用し始めているのだろうか。
I'm afraid those in areas without essential utilities have no emotional leeway to consult with experts about their future.
ただ、いまだにライフラインも復旧しないところでは、とても専門家に相談する余裕もないかもしれない。
Recently, an increasing number of professional workers, who have realized that merely waiting for clients to visit their office is not helping at all, are proactively meeting with people in need of help as part of their outreach efforts.
昨今、専門家たちは「オフィスに座っているだけではダメ」と気づき、“御用聞き”のように積極的に人々のあいだに出て行くようになりつつある。これを「アウトリーチ」と呼んでいる。
The demand for "delivery services" by medical and legal experts is expected to increase in areas affected by the disaster.
これから必要になるのは、専門家による被災地での“出前診療所”や“出前法律事務所”などだろう。
I would also like to visit evacuation shelters when I don't have appointments with regular patients.
私も、日常の診療の合間に、気軽に“出前”に行きたいと思っている。
At the same time, I hope more residents in areas hit by the disaster will tell us what kind of assistance they are looking for.
被災地のみなさんも、ぜひ「こんな出前が必要です」と遠慮せずに声をあげてほしい、と思う。
It goes without saying that those who were not affected by the earthquake should also be more open to contact professional advisors.
もちろん、被災地以外の人たちも、これからも「自分でなんとかしなきゃ」などと遠慮せずに、気軽に専門家を頼ってほしい。
Now is the time to stop hesitating. (By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
遠慮は無用。古くからある言葉だが、今こそそう言いたい。
毎日新聞 2011年4月5日 地方版
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Don't be afraid to seek professional help
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：無理にがんばらない ／東京
Whenever I speak at lectures, I remind my audience not to hesitate to seek professional assistance when they have problems.
ときどき講演に出かけることがある。そこでいつも強調するのが、「遠慮なく専門家を頼ってください」ということだ。
At my consultation room, I sometimes see people who tried to endure suffering for a lengthy period of time before they finally decided to receive counseling. In one case, it took nearly two years for a patient with insomnia to seek professional help.
診察室でもときどき、「不眠になったのは２年前」などと長期間、受診しないでがまんしてきた人に出会う。
"I felt my problem was too small and I should not go to hospital. I was trying to face up to the situation on my own," one patient said.
その人たちは、「これくらいで病院に来てはいけない、自分でなんとかしなくちゃ、と思っていました」と語る。
Actually though, you don't have to push yourself too hard. Feel free to turn to a specialist for advice as soon as you notice something is wrong with you.
本当は、そんなにがんばる必要はない。「あれ、いつもと違うな」と思った時点で、遠慮なく専門医のところを訪れてよいのだ。
The same holds true for other problems, but a lot of people tend to avoid seeking professional help until the very last minute.
「ギリギリまでがまんする」というのは、精神科の診察室だけで見られることではない。
I often hear various institutions, such as a law firm specializing in debt problems and a consumer affairs center fighting against scams, say, "They should have come to talk to us much earlier."
借金の相談を得意とする弁護士事務所、悪徳商法の相談を受ける消費者センターなど、どの専門機関でも「もっと早く相談に来てくれればいいのに」という声を聞く。
It seems that a lot of people are feeling hesitant about sharing their problems with experts and believe that they must solve their problems on their own.
相談者は、「私の問題だから、私がなんとかしなきゃ」と思って遠慮しているようだ。
"Some clients said they were worried that we would blame them for their troubles. We would never do that," said a worker at a nonprofit organization that supports individuals with financial difficulties.
「“自分のせいでしょう”と怒られるんじゃないか、と怖がっていた人もいます。そんなはずはないのに……」。生活苦の相談に応じるＮＰＯ法人で、こんな声を聞いたこともある。
Experts and institutions specializing in fields such as welfare, medicine, law, etc. are there to help you when your problems got out of control. So, I have always asked my patients to stop blaming themselves and ask professionals for help.
しかし、福祉、医療、法律などの専門家や専門機関は、一般の人が自分の力でどうにもできない問題を片づけるためにいるのだ。がまんしたり「私が悪いんだ」と思い込んだりしないで、「なんとかしてくださいよ」と頼ってほしい。私はそう、訴えてきた。
I wonder if the victims of the recent earthquake and tsunami are reaching out for help.
今回の災害の被災者たちは、どうなのだろう。
It's been nearly one month since the disaster, and I wonder if residents in the region have recovered a little peace of mind and begun to seek support from specialized organizations as they struggle to restore their lives.
ひと月近くがたち、少し落ち着いてきた人たちは、今後の生活の再建に向けていろいろな専門機関を利用し始めているのだろうか。
I'm afraid those in areas without essential utilities have no emotional leeway to consult with experts about their future.
ただ、いまだにライフラインも復旧しないところでは、とても専門家に相談する余裕もないかもしれない。
Recently, an increasing number of professional workers, who have realized that merely waiting for clients to visit their office is not helping at all, are proactively meeting with people in need of help as part of their outreach efforts.
昨今、専門家たちは「オフィスに座っているだけではダメ」と気づき、“御用聞き”のように積極的に人々のあいだに出て行くようになりつつある。これを「アウトリーチ」と呼んでいる。
The demand for "delivery services" by medical and legal experts is expected to increase in areas affected by the disaster.
これから必要になるのは、専門家による被災地での“出前診療所”や“出前法律事務所”などだろう。
I would also like to visit evacuation shelters when I don't have appointments with regular patients.
私も、日常の診療の合間に、気軽に“出前”に行きたいと思っている。
At the same time, I hope more residents in areas hit by the disaster will tell us what kind of assistance they are looking for.
被災地のみなさんも、ぜひ「こんな出前が必要です」と遠慮せずに声をあげてほしい、と思う。
It goes without saying that those who were not affected by the earthquake should also be more open to contact professional advisors.
もちろん、被災地以外の人たちも、これからも「自分でなんとかしなきゃ」などと遠慮せずに、気軽に専門家を頼ってほしい。
Now is the time to stop hesitating. (By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
遠慮は無用。古くからある言葉だが、今こそそう言いたい。
毎日新聞 2011年4月5日 地方版
登録:
投稿 (Atom)