The Yomiuri Shimbun March 08, 2014
Construct facilities to store N-waste to get decontamination work on track
中間貯蔵施設 「２町集約」で早期完成目指せ（3月8日付・読売社説）
Constructing interim facilities for the bulk storage of radioactive waste is key to quickly pushing forward with the reconstruction of Fukushima Prefecture.
福島の復興を加速させるカギとなるのが、放射性物質に汚染された廃棄物を一括保管する中間貯蔵施設の建設だ。
It is indispensable for the Environment Ministry to give thorough explanations to local residents about why such facilities are needed and what kinds of safety measures will be taken, and finish building the storage sites as soon as possible.
環境省は地元住民に必要性や安全対策を丁寧に説明し、早期完成を図る必要がある。
The facilities will store soil contaminated by the crisis at Tokyo Electric Power Co.’s Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant, and ash from burning contaminated items. They will accommodate enough waste to fill Tokyo Dome more than 20 times. The government has decided to procure ¥1.1 trillion in construction costs from part of revenues from the promotion of power-resource development tax.
中間貯蔵施設に搬入するのは、東京電力福島第一原子力発電所の事故により汚染された土や焼却灰だ。最大で東京ドーム２０杯分以上の廃棄物を保管する。政府は１・１兆円の建設費に電源開発促進税を充てることを決めている。
Contaminated soil removed during decontamination work and other waste is now being stored at temporary sites at municipalities across the prefecture. As there has been no progress in the plan to construct the facilities, contaminated waste is stuck at the temporary sites. In addition, such sites are in short supply.
除染作業で除去された汚染土などは現在、県内各地の仮置き場で保管されている。中間貯蔵施設の建設が前に進まないため、仮置き場から動かせない。仮置き場も不足している。
As the things stand now, the vicious cycle in which the shortage of storage sites is suspending decontamination work cannot be broken.
このままでは、除染作業が滞る悪循環は解消しない。
Last December, Environment Minister Nobuteru Ishihara asked that the three towns of Futaba, Okuma and Naraha, which are located close to the crippled nuclear power plant, host the storage facilities. Under the proposal, the state would purchase a total of 19 square kilometers of land tracts for the facilities.
石原環境相は昨年１２月、福島第一原発に近い双葉、大熊、楢葉の３町に建設の受け入れを要請した。用地として、計１９平方キロを国有化する計画だった。
Fukushima Gov. Yuhei Sato consulted with the three towns and other parties concerned last month, and asked Ishihara to drop Naraha from the list and make Futaba and Okuma the only candidate sites for construction.
これに対し、福島県の佐藤雄平知事が先月、３町などと調整した上で、楢葉町を建設候補地から除外し、双葉、大熊両町に集約するよう石原環境相に要請した。
Naraha’s airborne radioactive material readings have been lower than those of Futaba and Okuma, which has raised the prospect of evacuated residents making an early return. It is therefore understandable that Naraha residents do not want to have a large facility storing high-level radioactive waste in their town.
楢葉町は、双葉、大熊両町に比べ、空間放射線量が低い。住民の早期帰還が期待できるだけに、高濃度汚染ごみの大規模保管施設を町内に設置してほしくないという住民の声は理解できる。
Encouraging residents’ return
Naraha Mayor Yukiei Matsumoto, while giving thoughtful consideration to the other two towns, has commented that if the town is excluded from the list of candidate sites, it will likely increase the number of evacuated residents who want to return.
楢葉町の松本幸英町長は、両町に配慮しつつ、建設地から外れることで、「楢葉に戻りたいという住民が増えるのでは」と語る。
Accepting such facilities would likely be an agonizing choice for Futaba and Okuma, where there are currently no prospects of allowing their residents to return, made to facilitate the reconstruction of the prefecture as a whole.
一方、住民帰還の見通しが立たない双葉、大熊両町にとっては、福島全体の復興を考慮した苦渋の選択だと言えよう。
Aiming to start sending radioactive waste to the new facilities in January 2015, the Environment Ministry plans to present a new construction plan to the prefectural government. It is hoped that narrowing down the candidates to the two towns will break the impasse.
環境省は２０１５年１月の搬入開始を目指し、近く新たな建設案を県側に示す。２町集約を早期建設の突破口としたい。
The government plans to propose regional promotion measures for Futaba and Okuma. What kinds of promotion measures will be effective for the towns, where contamination makes it difficult for residents to return? It is essential for the government to grasp the needs of evacuated residents and provide them with finely tuned support.
政府は、双葉、大熊両町の地域振興策も提示する方針だ。帰還困難な地域に、どのような振興策が効果的なのか。避難住民のニーズを把握し、きめ細かい支援に徹することが重要である。
The interim storage sites are to operate for up to 30 years. On final disposal sites beyond that, the government said it intends to build them outside the prefecture, but there are no prospects for such sites.
中間貯蔵施設での保管期間は最長３０年だ。しかし、その先の最終処分場について、政府は県外設置の方針を明らかにしただけで、全くメドがついていない。
Residents of the candidate sites for the interim facilities continue to suspect that the sites will eventually be used for final disposal facilities. The government must take the lead in working to select final disposal sites.
中間貯蔵施設候補地の住民の間では、「結局、最終処分場になるのではないか」という不信感が根強い。政府は、最終処分場の選定についても、前面に出て対応していかねばならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, March 8, 2014)
（2014年3月8日02時02分 読売新聞）
2014/03/10
2014/03/09
クリミア情勢 国際圧力でロシア軍撤収迫れ
The Yomiuri Shimbun March 07, 2014
International community must pressure Russia to remove troops from Crimea
クリミア情勢 国際圧力でロシア軍撤収迫れ（3月7日付・読売社説）
Russia has taken full military control of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in Ukraine. International pressure must be stepped up on Russia, which has infringed on the sovereignty of a foreign country.
ロシアがウクライナのクリミア自治共和国を軍事的に掌握した。他国の主権を侵害したロシアに対し、国際社会は圧力を強めねばならない。
Russia should pull its troops out of Crimea immediately.
ロシアは直ちに展開した部隊を撤収すべきである。
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry has conferred with Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov in Paris, the first foreign ministerial meeting between the two countries since the collapse of the former Ukraine government. They remained apart on the issue, as Kerry called for the withdrawal of Russian troops, but Lavrov refused the demand.
ケリー米国務長官はロシアのラブロフ外相とパリで会談した。ウクライナ政変後初の米露外相の直接交渉だったが、ロシア軍の撤収を求める米側の主張に露側が応じず、議論は平行線をたどった。
U.S. President Barack Obama has announced a plan to study economic and diplomatic sanctions against Russia. His administration has also taken steps to restrict the entry into the United States of people whom it accuses of threatening Ukraine’s sovereignty. Attention is now focused on what economic sanctions Washington will adopt.
オバマ米大統領は、ロシアへの「経済的、外交的手段」の検討を表明している。主権侵害に関与した人物への入国制限などの措置を取ったが、さらにどのような経済制裁を行うかが焦点となろう。
The European Union, for its part, has entered into discussions on concrete steps to be taken against Russia.
一方、欧州連合（ＥＵ）も具体的な措置の協議に入った。
The economic relationship between Europe and Russia is profound, with Europe importing natural gas from Russia. Germany and Britain are wary of economic sanctions, while Poland and other Eastern European countries that formerly belonged to the Soviet-led Eastern bloc during the Cold War are insisting on hard-line measures toward Russia. It is uncertain whether the European countries will be able to iron out their differences and agree on stern sanctions.
欧州は、天然ガスを輸入するなど、ロシアとの経済関係が深い。ドイツや英国は経済制裁に慎重だ。ポーランドなど旧東側陣営諸国は、強硬策を主張している。足並みをそろえて厳しい措置で合意できるかは不透明である。
A summit meeting of the Group of Eight major powers is scheduled for June in Sochi, Russia. Japan and six other G-8 members, excluding Russia, have lashed out at Moscow, saying Russia has violated Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, thereby threatening the holding of the summit meeting.
ロシア・ソチでは６月に主要８か国首脳会議（Ｇ８サミット）が予定されているが、ロシアを除く日本など７か国は「ウクライナの主権と領土の一体性に違反した」とロシアを強く非難した。首脳会議の実施が危ぶまれる状況だ。
Russia is being increasingly isolated from the international community.
ロシアは孤立を深めている。
Putin refutes criticism
Russian President Vladimir Putin has brushed aside international criticism as groundless, even denying Russia’s military deployment in Crimea. Regarding wider military intervention in Ukraine, Putin has said it will not be necessary for now.
プーチン・ロシア大統領は、クリミアでのロシア軍展開自体を否定して、国際的非難には根拠がないとの立場だ。ウクライナへの軍事介入についても「今のところ必要はない」と述べている。
He apparently believes that Russia has achieved its purpose for the moment, now that it has Crimea under its control.
クリミアを事実上、支配下に置いたことで当面の目的は達成したと考えているのだろう。
A referendum will be held in Crimea on March 16 to decide whether the autonomous republic should become part of Russia. Given the fact that Russian-affiliated people account for a majority of the republic’s population, it is most certain that pro-integration votes will prevail. Russia is expected to go ahead with the integration of Crimea once the results are known.
クリミアでは、今月１６日に、ロシアへの編入の是非を問う住民投票が行われることになった。ロシア系住民が多いため、編入支持の結果が出るのは確実である。ロシアは、それを受けて、併合に突き進むつもりではないか。
Japan cannot sit back and watch Russia’s actions. If the United States and Europe implement sanctions, Japan will have no alternative but to go along with them eventually. However, it is also true that Japan wants to avoid deterioration in its relations with Moscow, which would adversely affect bilateral negotiations over the return of the four islands off eastern Hokkaido that have been held by Russia since the end of World War II.
日本も、ロシアの行動を座視してはいられない。米欧が制裁に踏み切れば、最終的に同調せざるを得まい。ただ、日露関係が悪化し北方領土交渉に影響を及ぼす事態は避けたいのも確かだ。
While the United States and other countries have canceled plans to send government officials to the Paralympics opening in Sochi on Friday, Japan will send Yoshitaka Sakurada, a senior vice minister of education, culture, sports and science and technology.
ソチで開幕するパラリンピックに、米国などが政府代表団派遣をとりやめる中、日本は桜田義孝文部科学副大臣を派遣する。
Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga said, “A prudent stance must be taken about bringing the political situation to the Paralympics.”
菅官房長官は、「パラリンピックに政治状況を持ち込むことには慎重であるべきだ」と述べた。
It is imperative for Tokyo to carry out strategic diplomacy based on maintaining cooperation with the United States and Europe.
日本は、米欧との協調を軸とした戦略的外交が問われよう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, March 7, 2014)
（2014年3月7日01時23分 読売新聞）
International community must pressure Russia to remove troops from Crimea
クリミア情勢 国際圧力でロシア軍撤収迫れ（3月7日付・読売社説）
Russia has taken full military control of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in Ukraine. International pressure must be stepped up on Russia, which has infringed on the sovereignty of a foreign country.
ロシアがウクライナのクリミア自治共和国を軍事的に掌握した。他国の主権を侵害したロシアに対し、国際社会は圧力を強めねばならない。
Russia should pull its troops out of Crimea immediately.
ロシアは直ちに展開した部隊を撤収すべきである。
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry has conferred with Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov in Paris, the first foreign ministerial meeting between the two countries since the collapse of the former Ukraine government. They remained apart on the issue, as Kerry called for the withdrawal of Russian troops, but Lavrov refused the demand.
ケリー米国務長官はロシアのラブロフ外相とパリで会談した。ウクライナ政変後初の米露外相の直接交渉だったが、ロシア軍の撤収を求める米側の主張に露側が応じず、議論は平行線をたどった。
U.S. President Barack Obama has announced a plan to study economic and diplomatic sanctions against Russia. His administration has also taken steps to restrict the entry into the United States of people whom it accuses of threatening Ukraine’s sovereignty. Attention is now focused on what economic sanctions Washington will adopt.
オバマ米大統領は、ロシアへの「経済的、外交的手段」の検討を表明している。主権侵害に関与した人物への入国制限などの措置を取ったが、さらにどのような経済制裁を行うかが焦点となろう。
The European Union, for its part, has entered into discussions on concrete steps to be taken against Russia.
一方、欧州連合（ＥＵ）も具体的な措置の協議に入った。
The economic relationship between Europe and Russia is profound, with Europe importing natural gas from Russia. Germany and Britain are wary of economic sanctions, while Poland and other Eastern European countries that formerly belonged to the Soviet-led Eastern bloc during the Cold War are insisting on hard-line measures toward Russia. It is uncertain whether the European countries will be able to iron out their differences and agree on stern sanctions.
欧州は、天然ガスを輸入するなど、ロシアとの経済関係が深い。ドイツや英国は経済制裁に慎重だ。ポーランドなど旧東側陣営諸国は、強硬策を主張している。足並みをそろえて厳しい措置で合意できるかは不透明である。
A summit meeting of the Group of Eight major powers is scheduled for June in Sochi, Russia. Japan and six other G-8 members, excluding Russia, have lashed out at Moscow, saying Russia has violated Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, thereby threatening the holding of the summit meeting.
ロシア・ソチでは６月に主要８か国首脳会議（Ｇ８サミット）が予定されているが、ロシアを除く日本など７か国は「ウクライナの主権と領土の一体性に違反した」とロシアを強く非難した。首脳会議の実施が危ぶまれる状況だ。
Russia is being increasingly isolated from the international community.
ロシアは孤立を深めている。
Putin refutes criticism
Russian President Vladimir Putin has brushed aside international criticism as groundless, even denying Russia’s military deployment in Crimea. Regarding wider military intervention in Ukraine, Putin has said it will not be necessary for now.
プーチン・ロシア大統領は、クリミアでのロシア軍展開自体を否定して、国際的非難には根拠がないとの立場だ。ウクライナへの軍事介入についても「今のところ必要はない」と述べている。
He apparently believes that Russia has achieved its purpose for the moment, now that it has Crimea under its control.
クリミアを事実上、支配下に置いたことで当面の目的は達成したと考えているのだろう。
A referendum will be held in Crimea on March 16 to decide whether the autonomous republic should become part of Russia. Given the fact that Russian-affiliated people account for a majority of the republic’s population, it is most certain that pro-integration votes will prevail. Russia is expected to go ahead with the integration of Crimea once the results are known.
クリミアでは、今月１６日に、ロシアへの編入の是非を問う住民投票が行われることになった。ロシア系住民が多いため、編入支持の結果が出るのは確実である。ロシアは、それを受けて、併合に突き進むつもりではないか。
Japan cannot sit back and watch Russia’s actions. If the United States and Europe implement sanctions, Japan will have no alternative but to go along with them eventually. However, it is also true that Japan wants to avoid deterioration in its relations with Moscow, which would adversely affect bilateral negotiations over the return of the four islands off eastern Hokkaido that have been held by Russia since the end of World War II.
日本も、ロシアの行動を座視してはいられない。米欧が制裁に踏み切れば、最終的に同調せざるを得まい。ただ、日露関係が悪化し北方領土交渉に影響を及ぼす事態は避けたいのも確かだ。
While the United States and other countries have canceled plans to send government officials to the Paralympics opening in Sochi on Friday, Japan will send Yoshitaka Sakurada, a senior vice minister of education, culture, sports and science and technology.
ソチで開幕するパラリンピックに、米国などが政府代表団派遣をとりやめる中、日本は桜田義孝文部科学副大臣を派遣する。
Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga said, “A prudent stance must be taken about bringing the political situation to the Paralympics.”
菅官房長官は、「パラリンピックに政治状況を持ち込むことには慎重であるべきだ」と述べた。
It is imperative for Tokyo to carry out strategic diplomacy based on maintaining cooperation with the United States and Europe.
日本は、米欧との協調を軸とした戦略的外交が問われよう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, March 7, 2014)
（2014年3月7日01時23分 読売新聞）
2014/03/08
中国国防費膨張 平和を脅かす露骨な軍拡路線
The Yomiuri Shimbun March 06, 2014
China’s blatant military buildup threatens peace in Asia-Pacific region
中国国防費膨張 平和を脅かす露骨な軍拡路線（3月6日付・読売社説）
In a bid for hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region, the administration of Chinese President Xi Jinping is rapidly proceeding with its military buildup. These moves are certain to reinforce the opinion that China may pose a great threat to other countries.
アジア太平洋で覇権を握ろうと、中国の習近平政権が急速な軍備増強を進めている。中国脅威論にも拍車がかかろう。
The 12th National People’s Congress (NPC) began in Beijing on Wednesday, at which the Chinese government announced that its national defense spending for this year will total about 808.2 billion yuan (about ¥13 trillion), up 12.2 percent from last year.
北京で全国人民代表大会が開幕した。中国政府が公表した今年の国防予算は、前年実績比１２・２％増の約８０８２億元（約１３兆円）となった。
This will mark the fourth consecutive year of a year-on-year double-digit increase, and bring China’s defense expenditures to nearly three times those of Japan.
４年連続２桁の伸びで、日本の防衛費の３倍近くに膨れあがった。
This is the first NPC to be held under the leadership of Xi and Premier Li Keqiang. It also can be said that the administration has bluntly indicated its intention of pursuing military buildup.
今回は、習国家主席と李克強首相が主導する初めての全人代だ。軍備増強への意思を露骨なまでに示したと言える。
China’s national defense budget has become ever more opaque, as military spending by local governments, which had been included in the nation’s total military spending until last year, was excluded from this year’s outlay.
中国の国防費は、一段と不透明になった。昨年まで含まれていた地方分予算が、今年は除外されたためだ。
The prevailing view is that actual defense spending, including expenditures on related research and development, will be double the amount made public.
研究開発費などを含めた実際の国防予算は、公表分の２倍程度に上るとの見方が強い。
Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga has indicated that Japan will urge China to enhance transparency in its military spending, saying that China’s military expenditures “have become a cause for concern for the international community.” Such a stance is quite reasonable.
菅官房長官が、「国際社会の懸念事項になっている」として、中国に透明性の向上を働きかける意向を示したのは当然である。
In a government work report, which is equivalent to a policy speech in Japan, Li emphasized that China would “make great effort in the building of a maritime power.” He also said China would “place war preparations on a regular footing and enhance border, coastal and air defenses.”
李首相は、施政方針演説にあたる政府活動報告で、「海洋強国の建設に大いに力を入れる」と強調した。「平時における戦闘への備えと、国境・領海・領空防衛の管理を強化する」とも宣言した。
Aggression may be prolonged
Such remarks can be interpreted as Beijing’s intention to expand its claimed national interests in the East China Sea and the South China Sea.
東シナ海や南シナ海で、権益拡大を図る意図が読み取れる。
Japan must be prepared for the possibility that China’s attempts to change the status quo through the use of force, such as China’s entry into Japan’s territorial waters around the Senkaku Islands, may last for an extended period. At the same time, it will become necessary for both countries to have a dialogue to avoid accidental clashes between vessels or aircraft.
日本は、尖閣諸島周辺での領海侵入といった、中国の力による現状変更の試みが長期化することを覚悟せねばなるまい。同時に、艦船や航空機の偶発的衝突を避けるための対話も必要となろう。
Li said: “China will maintain the postwar international order at all costs. We will never let the course of history turn back.”
一方、李首相は、「中国は、戦後の国際秩序を守り抜く。歴史の流れを逆行させることは、決して許さない」と述べた。
If this remark was made to criticize Japan in light of the recent visit to Yasukuni Shrine by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, it is widely off the mark. Rather it is China that has been rocking the postwar international order by taking such actions as its unilateral announcement of an air-defense identification zone in the East China Sea.
安倍首相の靖国神社参拝を念頭に置いた日本批判だとしたら、見当違いだ。一方的な防空識別圏設定などで、戦後秩序を揺さぶっているのは、むしろ中国である。
Li’s report has also brought to the fore the country’s thorny management of its domestic affairs. In the report, the administration set the nation’s economic growth target for this year at 7.5 percent, unchanged for three years in a row. This demonstrates the administration’s stance of maintaining stable growth amid spreading concern over the nation’s future economic prospects.
首相報告は、難しい内政運営も浮き彫りにした。今年の経済成長率の目標を、３年連続で７・５％に据え置いたのは、景気の先行きに不安が広がる中で、安定成長を維持したい姿勢の表れだ。
With regards to corruption, toward which the people harbor strong antipathy, Li said, “We would never pardon any corrupt elements.” As countermeasures to air pollution, he unveiled numerical targets for such measures as scrapping coal boilers. However, the degree to which the administration can achieve tangible results in such areas remains to be seen.
国民の反感が強い汚職について「いかなる腐敗分子も容赦しない」と断じ、大気汚染対策では石炭ボイラー廃棄などの数値目標を示した。具体的成果が問われよう。
Social unrest is spreading, as demonstrated by the mass murder incident in Yunnan Province recently. Li indicated that the administration would further intensify public security measures.
雲南省で無差別大量殺人事件が起こるなど、社会に動揺が広がっている。李首相は、治安対策をさらに強める考えを示した。
Tightening domestic security measures may lead to the administration’s taking a hard-line stance toward foreign countries in an attempt to divert public frustration. Japan, for its part, has to keep a close watch on such moves.
国内での引き締めは、国民の不満をそらすための対外強硬姿勢につながりやすい。日本も、その動きを注視しなければならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, March 6, 2014)
（2014年3月6日02時01分 読売新聞）
China’s blatant military buildup threatens peace in Asia-Pacific region
中国国防費膨張 平和を脅かす露骨な軍拡路線（3月6日付・読売社説）
In a bid for hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region, the administration of Chinese President Xi Jinping is rapidly proceeding with its military buildup. These moves are certain to reinforce the opinion that China may pose a great threat to other countries.
アジア太平洋で覇権を握ろうと、中国の習近平政権が急速な軍備増強を進めている。中国脅威論にも拍車がかかろう。
The 12th National People’s Congress (NPC) began in Beijing on Wednesday, at which the Chinese government announced that its national defense spending for this year will total about 808.2 billion yuan (about ¥13 trillion), up 12.2 percent from last year.
北京で全国人民代表大会が開幕した。中国政府が公表した今年の国防予算は、前年実績比１２・２％増の約８０８２億元（約１３兆円）となった。
This will mark the fourth consecutive year of a year-on-year double-digit increase, and bring China’s defense expenditures to nearly three times those of Japan.
４年連続２桁の伸びで、日本の防衛費の３倍近くに膨れあがった。
This is the first NPC to be held under the leadership of Xi and Premier Li Keqiang. It also can be said that the administration has bluntly indicated its intention of pursuing military buildup.
今回は、習国家主席と李克強首相が主導する初めての全人代だ。軍備増強への意思を露骨なまでに示したと言える。
China’s national defense budget has become ever more opaque, as military spending by local governments, which had been included in the nation’s total military spending until last year, was excluded from this year’s outlay.
中国の国防費は、一段と不透明になった。昨年まで含まれていた地方分予算が、今年は除外されたためだ。
The prevailing view is that actual defense spending, including expenditures on related research and development, will be double the amount made public.
研究開発費などを含めた実際の国防予算は、公表分の２倍程度に上るとの見方が強い。
Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga has indicated that Japan will urge China to enhance transparency in its military spending, saying that China’s military expenditures “have become a cause for concern for the international community.” Such a stance is quite reasonable.
菅官房長官が、「国際社会の懸念事項になっている」として、中国に透明性の向上を働きかける意向を示したのは当然である。
In a government work report, which is equivalent to a policy speech in Japan, Li emphasized that China would “make great effort in the building of a maritime power.” He also said China would “place war preparations on a regular footing and enhance border, coastal and air defenses.”
李首相は、施政方針演説にあたる政府活動報告で、「海洋強国の建設に大いに力を入れる」と強調した。「平時における戦闘への備えと、国境・領海・領空防衛の管理を強化する」とも宣言した。
Aggression may be prolonged
Such remarks can be interpreted as Beijing’s intention to expand its claimed national interests in the East China Sea and the South China Sea.
東シナ海や南シナ海で、権益拡大を図る意図が読み取れる。
Japan must be prepared for the possibility that China’s attempts to change the status quo through the use of force, such as China’s entry into Japan’s territorial waters around the Senkaku Islands, may last for an extended period. At the same time, it will become necessary for both countries to have a dialogue to avoid accidental clashes between vessels or aircraft.
日本は、尖閣諸島周辺での領海侵入といった、中国の力による現状変更の試みが長期化することを覚悟せねばなるまい。同時に、艦船や航空機の偶発的衝突を避けるための対話も必要となろう。
Li said: “China will maintain the postwar international order at all costs. We will never let the course of history turn back.”
一方、李首相は、「中国は、戦後の国際秩序を守り抜く。歴史の流れを逆行させることは、決して許さない」と述べた。
If this remark was made to criticize Japan in light of the recent visit to Yasukuni Shrine by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, it is widely off the mark. Rather it is China that has been rocking the postwar international order by taking such actions as its unilateral announcement of an air-defense identification zone in the East China Sea.
安倍首相の靖国神社参拝を念頭に置いた日本批判だとしたら、見当違いだ。一方的な防空識別圏設定などで、戦後秩序を揺さぶっているのは、むしろ中国である。
Li’s report has also brought to the fore the country’s thorny management of its domestic affairs. In the report, the administration set the nation’s economic growth target for this year at 7.5 percent, unchanged for three years in a row. This demonstrates the administration’s stance of maintaining stable growth amid spreading concern over the nation’s future economic prospects.
首相報告は、難しい内政運営も浮き彫りにした。今年の経済成長率の目標を、３年連続で７・５％に据え置いたのは、景気の先行きに不安が広がる中で、安定成長を維持したい姿勢の表れだ。
With regards to corruption, toward which the people harbor strong antipathy, Li said, “We would never pardon any corrupt elements.” As countermeasures to air pollution, he unveiled numerical targets for such measures as scrapping coal boilers. However, the degree to which the administration can achieve tangible results in such areas remains to be seen.
国民の反感が強い汚職について「いかなる腐敗分子も容赦しない」と断じ、大気汚染対策では石炭ボイラー廃棄などの数値目標を示した。具体的成果が問われよう。
Social unrest is spreading, as demonstrated by the mass murder incident in Yunnan Province recently. Li indicated that the administration would further intensify public security measures.
雲南省で無差別大量殺人事件が起こるなど、社会に動揺が広がっている。李首相は、治安対策をさらに強める考えを示した。
Tightening domestic security measures may lead to the administration’s taking a hard-line stance toward foreign countries in an attempt to divert public frustration. Japan, for its part, has to keep a close watch on such moves.
国内での引き締めは、国民の不満をそらすための対外強硬姿勢につながりやすい。日本も、その動きを注視しなければならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, March 6, 2014)
（2014年3月6日02時01分 読売新聞）
2014/03/07
ＰＭ２・５汚染 中国の排出源対策が急務だ
The Yomiuri Shimbun March 05, 2014
Press China to take measures against its horrendous pollution
ＰＭ２・５汚染 中国の排出源対策が急務だ（3月5日付・読売社説）
Air pollution is becoming ever more serious in China. It is mainly caused by a high density of particulate matter 2.5, or PM2.5, which is apparently reaching Japan on a massive scale after sweeping over the sea.
中国で大気汚染が深刻の度を増している。主因の微小粒子状物質（ＰＭ２・５）は、海を越えて日本にも大量に飛散しているとみられる。
Immediate measures must be taken to curb PM2.5. There is no time to waste.
ＰＭ２・５の発生を抑える対策は待ったなしである。
PM2.5 is the general term for the microparticle substances with a diameter of up to 2.5 micrometers (one micrometer is equivalent to one-thousandth of a millimeter). Their size is about one-tenth that of a grain of Japanese cedar pollen, and they can travel deep into the lungs once inhaled. Experts say that PM2.5 causes such diseases as asthma and bronchitis.
ＰＭ２・５は、直径２・５マイクロ・メートル（１マイクロ・メートルは１０００分の１ミリ）以下の物質の総称だ。スギ花粉の１０分の１ほどの粒子で、吸い込むと肺の奥まで入りやすい。ぜんそくや気管支炎などの原因になるとも指摘される。
At one point on Feb. 26, the concentration of PM2.5 exceeded 500 micrograms per cubic meter of air in Beijing. In Japan, local governments issue alerts to the public if the daily average amount of PM2.5 exceeds 70 micrograms per cubic meter. Beijing’s figure shows how serious China’s air pollution has become.
北京市では２月２６日、ＰＭ２・５の大気中濃度が、１立方メートル当たり５００マイクロ・グラムを超えた。日本国内で自治体が住民に注意喚起をする濃度は７０マイクロ・グラムだ。中国の汚染の深刻さが分かる。
The Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, a public research organization, has warned that Beijing’s pollution is “approaching a level unsuitable for inhabitation.” Air pollution is also becoming acute in cities and regions other than Beijing.
公的研究機関の上海社会科学院は、北京の状況について、「居住に適さないレベルに近づいている」と警告した。北京以外の地域でも汚染が悪化している。
The rapid increase of PM2.5 is caused by soot produced when burning coal, as well as vehicle emissions. Last month, Chinese President Xi Jinping traveled around smog-covered Beijing and ordered factories to curb their use of coal. Xi also ordered regulations for car usage.
ＰＭ２・５急増の原因は、石炭を燃やす際に生じる煤煙(ばいえん)や自動車の排ガスだ。習近平国家主席は先月、濃霧の北京市内を視察し、工場での石炭使用の抑制や自動車の利用規制などを指示した。
Ineffective measures
The Chinese government has periodically announced measures to tackle air pollution, but no significant improvement has been seen. We believe the reason for this is that many factories have ignored government regulations, putting short-term profits ahead of environmental issues.
中国政府はこれまでも、大気汚染対策の実施を表明してきたが、大きな改善はみられない。多くの生産現場が、環境問題よりも目先の利益を優先し、規制を無視してきたということだろう。
The National People’s Congress was set to convene Wednesday, and air pollution is likely to be one of the main issues on the agenda. We urge the Chinese government to take this opportunity to come up with comprehensive measures to deal with the problem.
５日に開幕する全国人民代表大会では、大気汚染問題も重要テーマになる見通しだ。抜本対策に着手する契機としてもらいたい。
From now on, Japan and South Korea will have to bear the full brunt of PM2.5 sweeping from China as westerly winds become stronger.
日本や韓国が中国からのＰＭ２・５の影響をもろに受けるのは、偏西風が強まるこれからの時期だ。
On Feb. 26, the day China’s PM2.5 concentration exceeded 500 micrograms per cubic meter, the particulate concentration rose in wide areas of western Japan and the Hokuriku region, prompting 10 prefectural governments to issue alerts.
北京の汚染濃度が５００マイクロ・グラムを記録した同じ日、西日本と北陸などで濃度が上昇し、１０府県が住民に注意を促した。
Environment Minister Nobuteru Ishihara said the main cause of the phenomenon was “transborder pollution caused by China.”
石原環境相は、主な要因に「中国からの越境汚染」を挙げた。
It will be crucial for the Environment Ministry and local governments to continue providing prompt detailed information on PM2.5 to the public.
環境省と各自治体は今後とも、住民にきめ細かい情報を迅速に提供していくことが重要だ。
Of course, the issuance of alerts does not mean that people are under immediate threat to their health. We urge people to act calmly, refrain from going out unless necessary and avoid opening windows or using ventilators.
注意喚起がなされたからといって、直ちに健康被害の危険があるわけではない。不要不急の外出を控える。窓の開閉や換気は最小限にとどめる――。住民は冷静な対応を心がけてほしい。
People who have respiratory or heart problems, as well as elderly people, should especially be careful of their health. The physical conditions of children should also be monitored frequently.
呼吸器や心臓に病気がある人や高齢者、子供の体調管理には、十分に留意せねばならない。
This month, officials from Japan, China and South Korea will hold a policy dialogue to discuss measures to deal with the PM2.5 problem in Beijing. It will be an important opportunity to share PM2.5 data, but it is also essential to pressure China to reinforce measures to curb emissions of the microparticle substances.
日中韓の担当者は今月、ＰＭ２・５対策を協議する政策対話を北京で行う。観測情報を共有するほか、中国に対し、排出抑制策の強化を求めることが肝要だ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, March 5, 2014)
（2014年3月5日01時29分 読売新聞）
Press China to take measures against its horrendous pollution
ＰＭ２・５汚染 中国の排出源対策が急務だ（3月5日付・読売社説）
Air pollution is becoming ever more serious in China. It is mainly caused by a high density of particulate matter 2.5, or PM2.5, which is apparently reaching Japan on a massive scale after sweeping over the sea.
中国で大気汚染が深刻の度を増している。主因の微小粒子状物質（ＰＭ２・５）は、海を越えて日本にも大量に飛散しているとみられる。
Immediate measures must be taken to curb PM2.5. There is no time to waste.
ＰＭ２・５の発生を抑える対策は待ったなしである。
PM2.5 is the general term for the microparticle substances with a diameter of up to 2.5 micrometers (one micrometer is equivalent to one-thousandth of a millimeter). Their size is about one-tenth that of a grain of Japanese cedar pollen, and they can travel deep into the lungs once inhaled. Experts say that PM2.5 causes such diseases as asthma and bronchitis.
ＰＭ２・５は、直径２・５マイクロ・メートル（１マイクロ・メートルは１０００分の１ミリ）以下の物質の総称だ。スギ花粉の１０分の１ほどの粒子で、吸い込むと肺の奥まで入りやすい。ぜんそくや気管支炎などの原因になるとも指摘される。
At one point on Feb. 26, the concentration of PM2.5 exceeded 500 micrograms per cubic meter of air in Beijing. In Japan, local governments issue alerts to the public if the daily average amount of PM2.5 exceeds 70 micrograms per cubic meter. Beijing’s figure shows how serious China’s air pollution has become.
北京市では２月２６日、ＰＭ２・５の大気中濃度が、１立方メートル当たり５００マイクロ・グラムを超えた。日本国内で自治体が住民に注意喚起をする濃度は７０マイクロ・グラムだ。中国の汚染の深刻さが分かる。
The Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, a public research organization, has warned that Beijing’s pollution is “approaching a level unsuitable for inhabitation.” Air pollution is also becoming acute in cities and regions other than Beijing.
公的研究機関の上海社会科学院は、北京の状況について、「居住に適さないレベルに近づいている」と警告した。北京以外の地域でも汚染が悪化している。
The rapid increase of PM2.5 is caused by soot produced when burning coal, as well as vehicle emissions. Last month, Chinese President Xi Jinping traveled around smog-covered Beijing and ordered factories to curb their use of coal. Xi also ordered regulations for car usage.
ＰＭ２・５急増の原因は、石炭を燃やす際に生じる煤煙(ばいえん)や自動車の排ガスだ。習近平国家主席は先月、濃霧の北京市内を視察し、工場での石炭使用の抑制や自動車の利用規制などを指示した。
Ineffective measures
The Chinese government has periodically announced measures to tackle air pollution, but no significant improvement has been seen. We believe the reason for this is that many factories have ignored government regulations, putting short-term profits ahead of environmental issues.
中国政府はこれまでも、大気汚染対策の実施を表明してきたが、大きな改善はみられない。多くの生産現場が、環境問題よりも目先の利益を優先し、規制を無視してきたということだろう。
The National People’s Congress was set to convene Wednesday, and air pollution is likely to be one of the main issues on the agenda. We urge the Chinese government to take this opportunity to come up with comprehensive measures to deal with the problem.
５日に開幕する全国人民代表大会では、大気汚染問題も重要テーマになる見通しだ。抜本対策に着手する契機としてもらいたい。
From now on, Japan and South Korea will have to bear the full brunt of PM2.5 sweeping from China as westerly winds become stronger.
日本や韓国が中国からのＰＭ２・５の影響をもろに受けるのは、偏西風が強まるこれからの時期だ。
On Feb. 26, the day China’s PM2.5 concentration exceeded 500 micrograms per cubic meter, the particulate concentration rose in wide areas of western Japan and the Hokuriku region, prompting 10 prefectural governments to issue alerts.
北京の汚染濃度が５００マイクロ・グラムを記録した同じ日、西日本と北陸などで濃度が上昇し、１０府県が住民に注意を促した。
Environment Minister Nobuteru Ishihara said the main cause of the phenomenon was “transborder pollution caused by China.”
石原環境相は、主な要因に「中国からの越境汚染」を挙げた。
It will be crucial for the Environment Ministry and local governments to continue providing prompt detailed information on PM2.5 to the public.
環境省と各自治体は今後とも、住民にきめ細かい情報を迅速に提供していくことが重要だ。
Of course, the issuance of alerts does not mean that people are under immediate threat to their health. We urge people to act calmly, refrain from going out unless necessary and avoid opening windows or using ventilators.
注意喚起がなされたからといって、直ちに健康被害の危険があるわけではない。不要不急の外出を控える。窓の開閉や換気は最小限にとどめる――。住民は冷静な対応を心がけてほしい。
People who have respiratory or heart problems, as well as elderly people, should especially be careful of their health. The physical conditions of children should also be monitored frequently.
呼吸器や心臓に病気がある人や高齢者、子供の体調管理には、十分に留意せねばならない。
This month, officials from Japan, China and South Korea will hold a policy dialogue to discuss measures to deal with the PM2.5 problem in Beijing. It will be an important opportunity to share PM2.5 data, but it is also essential to pressure China to reinforce measures to curb emissions of the microparticle substances.
日中韓の担当者は今月、ＰＭ２・５対策を協議する政策対話を北京で行う。観測情報を共有するほか、中国に対し、排出抑制策の強化を求めることが肝要だ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, March 5, 2014)
（2014年3月5日01時29分 読売新聞）
2014/03/06
「アンネの日記」 「知の遺産」に対する蛮行だ
The Yomiuri Shimbun March 04, 2014
Vandalism of Anne Frank books a blow against intellectual heritage
「アンネの日記」 「知の遺産」に対する蛮行だ（3月4日付・読売社説）
Who was behind the many recent acts of vandalism against books relating to Anne Frank, and why did they do it? This sort of criminality can never be pardoned.
誰がどのような目的で行ったのか。許すことのできない蛮行である。
At public libraries and bookstores in and outside of Tokyo, Japanese-language copies of “The Diary of a Young Girl,” which tells of Nazi Germany’s persecution of the Jewish people, and related books have been found vandalized with pages ripped out. All told, the number of books damaged exceeded 300.
東京都内などの図書館や書店で、ナチス・ドイツによるユダヤ人への迫害を伝える「アンネの日記」や関連書籍が破られる事件が相次いでいる。被害を受けた本は、３００冊を超える。
Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga expressed strong displeasure over the incidents, saying, “Such acts are shameful and can never be pardoned in this country.” It was a natural reaction.
菅官房長官が「わが国として受け入れられるものではなく、恥ずべきこと」と、強い不快感を示したのは当然である。
The Metropolitan Police Department has established an investigation headquarters, a rare move in property damage cases, as it works to find the culprit.
警視庁は器物損壊事件として異例の捜査本部を設置し、犯人の割り出しを急いでいる。
This vandalism cannot be shrugged off as simple property damage. This crime could trample on the efforts of many men and women who have looked squarely at history and fought against discrimination based on prejudice.
一連の事件は、単なる器物損壊では片づけられない。歴史の汚点を直視し、偏見に基づく差別を克服しようとしてきた人類の努力を踏みにじる行為だからだ。
“The Diary of a Young Girl” is a notebook left behind by Anne Frank, a Jewish girl who lived with her family in a hidden room of a house in the Netherlands to evade being detected and forcibly relocated by the Nazis during World War II. The diary expresses her anxieties and fears as well as hope for the future.
「アンネの日記」は、第２次大戦下のオランダで、ナチスの強制連行から逃れるため、家族と共に隠れ家で生活したユダヤ人少女、アンネ・フランクが残した手記だ。不安、恐怖と共に未来への希望がつづられている。
The Japanese translation of the diary has been read for generations. The original diary was registered as a Memory of the World in 2009.
日本でも多くの人々に読み継がれてきた。２００９年には世界記憶遺産にも登録された。
Other books damaged in the incidents include materials relating to Chiune Sugihara, who served as Japan’s vice consul in Lithuania during World War II. Sugihara is remembered for his act of conscience, issuing transit visas to Japan to 6,000 Jewish refugees fleeing the Nazis.
「アンネの日記」のほか、第２次大戦中、駐リトアニア領事代理だった杉原千畝の関連書籍なども被害を受けた。杉原は、ナチスから逃れたユダヤ人難民６０００人に自らの判断で日本通過のビザを発給したことで知られる。
An organized act?
The Simon Wiesenthal Center, a Jewish human rights organization in the United States, has expressed deep concern over the incidents. The organization suspects that the vandalism was committed by “an organized effort to denigrate the memory” of Jewish victims of the Holocaust.
事件について、米国のユダヤ系人権団体「サイモン・ウィーゼンタール・センター」は「深い懸念」を表明した。虐殺犠牲者の記憶を侮辱する組織的試みがあるのではないか、とも指摘している。
One matter of concern is whether these incidents will fuel the spread of mistaken perceptions of Japan around the world.
日本に対する誤った認識が世界に広がらないか、心配だ。
Some media outlets in the United States and South Korea have reported on the incidents, connecting them to a purported rightward shift in Japan. Their arguments miss the mark, because they draw mainly on discourse from an extremely limited number of Internet posts expressing admiration for Adolf Hitler.
米国や韓国などの一部メディアは、「日本の右傾化」と関連づけて報じている。ヒトラーを礼賛するような、ネット上の極めて限られた言説などを根拠としているが、的外れな論調である。
Japan has never engaged in anti-Semitism, even during the prewar period.
日本は、戦前も含め、反ユダヤ政策に同調したことはない。
The Israeli Embassy in Tokyo has received many phone calls and e-mails of apology and encouragement from the Japanese people.
在日イスラエル大使館には、日本国民から謝罪や励ましの電話、メールが多数寄せられている。
The embassy expressed gratitude for these sentiments, calling the damage to the books sad, adding that they had also received warm words of support from the Japanese people. The embassy also donated more than 300 copies of Anne Frank-related books to the libraries affected by the vandalism.
大使館でも「被害は悲しいが、日本のみなさんから温かく励ましの言葉をもらった」と感謝の意を表し、被害を受けた図書館に約３００冊の本を寄贈した。
Libraries are tasked with providing intellectual wealth to the people. As a defensive measure, Tokyo libraries have begun putting Anne Frank-related books on shelves within sight of library staff. We hope to see an early resolution to this shameful vandalism.
図書館は、知の資産を市民に提供する場である。都内の図書館では、自衛策として関連図書を職員の目が届く場所に置いている。事件の早期解決を望みたい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, March 4, 2014)
（2014年3月4日01時54分 読売新聞）
Vandalism of Anne Frank books a blow against intellectual heritage
「アンネの日記」 「知の遺産」に対する蛮行だ（3月4日付・読売社説）
Who was behind the many recent acts of vandalism against books relating to Anne Frank, and why did they do it? This sort of criminality can never be pardoned.
誰がどのような目的で行ったのか。許すことのできない蛮行である。
At public libraries and bookstores in and outside of Tokyo, Japanese-language copies of “The Diary of a Young Girl,” which tells of Nazi Germany’s persecution of the Jewish people, and related books have been found vandalized with pages ripped out. All told, the number of books damaged exceeded 300.
東京都内などの図書館や書店で、ナチス・ドイツによるユダヤ人への迫害を伝える「アンネの日記」や関連書籍が破られる事件が相次いでいる。被害を受けた本は、３００冊を超える。
Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga expressed strong displeasure over the incidents, saying, “Such acts are shameful and can never be pardoned in this country.” It was a natural reaction.
菅官房長官が「わが国として受け入れられるものではなく、恥ずべきこと」と、強い不快感を示したのは当然である。
The Metropolitan Police Department has established an investigation headquarters, a rare move in property damage cases, as it works to find the culprit.
警視庁は器物損壊事件として異例の捜査本部を設置し、犯人の割り出しを急いでいる。
This vandalism cannot be shrugged off as simple property damage. This crime could trample on the efforts of many men and women who have looked squarely at history and fought against discrimination based on prejudice.
一連の事件は、単なる器物損壊では片づけられない。歴史の汚点を直視し、偏見に基づく差別を克服しようとしてきた人類の努力を踏みにじる行為だからだ。
“The Diary of a Young Girl” is a notebook left behind by Anne Frank, a Jewish girl who lived with her family in a hidden room of a house in the Netherlands to evade being detected and forcibly relocated by the Nazis during World War II. The diary expresses her anxieties and fears as well as hope for the future.
「アンネの日記」は、第２次大戦下のオランダで、ナチスの強制連行から逃れるため、家族と共に隠れ家で生活したユダヤ人少女、アンネ・フランクが残した手記だ。不安、恐怖と共に未来への希望がつづられている。
The Japanese translation of the diary has been read for generations. The original diary was registered as a Memory of the World in 2009.
日本でも多くの人々に読み継がれてきた。２００９年には世界記憶遺産にも登録された。
Other books damaged in the incidents include materials relating to Chiune Sugihara, who served as Japan’s vice consul in Lithuania during World War II. Sugihara is remembered for his act of conscience, issuing transit visas to Japan to 6,000 Jewish refugees fleeing the Nazis.
「アンネの日記」のほか、第２次大戦中、駐リトアニア領事代理だった杉原千畝の関連書籍なども被害を受けた。杉原は、ナチスから逃れたユダヤ人難民６０００人に自らの判断で日本通過のビザを発給したことで知られる。
An organized act?
The Simon Wiesenthal Center, a Jewish human rights organization in the United States, has expressed deep concern over the incidents. The organization suspects that the vandalism was committed by “an organized effort to denigrate the memory” of Jewish victims of the Holocaust.
事件について、米国のユダヤ系人権団体「サイモン・ウィーゼンタール・センター」は「深い懸念」を表明した。虐殺犠牲者の記憶を侮辱する組織的試みがあるのではないか、とも指摘している。
One matter of concern is whether these incidents will fuel the spread of mistaken perceptions of Japan around the world.
日本に対する誤った認識が世界に広がらないか、心配だ。
Some media outlets in the United States and South Korea have reported on the incidents, connecting them to a purported rightward shift in Japan. Their arguments miss the mark, because they draw mainly on discourse from an extremely limited number of Internet posts expressing admiration for Adolf Hitler.
米国や韓国などの一部メディアは、「日本の右傾化」と関連づけて報じている。ヒトラーを礼賛するような、ネット上の極めて限られた言説などを根拠としているが、的外れな論調である。
Japan has never engaged in anti-Semitism, even during the prewar period.
日本は、戦前も含め、反ユダヤ政策に同調したことはない。
The Israeli Embassy in Tokyo has received many phone calls and e-mails of apology and encouragement from the Japanese people.
在日イスラエル大使館には、日本国民から謝罪や励ましの電話、メールが多数寄せられている。
The embassy expressed gratitude for these sentiments, calling the damage to the books sad, adding that they had also received warm words of support from the Japanese people. The embassy also donated more than 300 copies of Anne Frank-related books to the libraries affected by the vandalism.
大使館でも「被害は悲しいが、日本のみなさんから温かく励ましの言葉をもらった」と感謝の意を表し、被害を受けた図書館に約３００冊の本を寄贈した。
Libraries are tasked with providing intellectual wealth to the people. As a defensive measure, Tokyo libraries have begun putting Anne Frank-related books on shelves within sight of library staff. We hope to see an early resolution to this shameful vandalism.
図書館は、知の資産を市民に提供する場である。都内の図書館では、自衛策として関連図書を職員の目が届く場所に置いている。事件の早期解決を望みたい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, March 4, 2014)
（2014年3月4日01時54分 読売新聞）
2014/03/05
ウクライナ危機 露の軍事介入は容認できない
The Yomiuri Shimbun March 03, 2014
Russia’s military intervention in Ukraine is absolutely unacceptable
ウクライナ危機 露の軍事介入は容認できない（3月3日付・読売社説）
The situation in Ukraine has become increasingly tense. There are absolutely no circumstances under which Russia should be allowed to conduct a military intervention in Ukraine.
ウクライナ情勢が緊迫の度を増してきた。ロシアの軍事介入は到底認められない。
Russian President Vladimir Putin submitted a motion Saturday to the upper house of Russia’s parliament to exercise Moscow’s military might in the territory of Ukraine, and obtained the permission of the legislature.
ロシアのプーチン大統領は、ウクライナ領内で軍事力を行使することを上院に提案し、承認を得た。
In seeking parliamentary approval, Putin insisted the plan to send military forces is aimed at “protecting the lives of Russian citizens and military personnel” amid political turmoil until Ukraine is stabilized.
政治が正常化するまで、「ロシアの国民・同胞、ロシア軍要員の安全を守る」のが目的だという。
There are certainly many Russian-speaking residents in Ukraine, which was part of the former Soviet Union. What Russia likely aims to do, however, is put pressure on Ukraine’s new government, which is friendly to the United States and European countries and came into being by ousting a pro-Russia president, with a view to keeping Ukraine in Russia’s sphere of influence.
旧ソ連の一部だったウクライナにロシア系住民が多いのは確かだ。だが、ロシアの狙いは、親露派の大統領を解任して誕生した親欧米政権に圧力をかけて、ウクライナをロシアの勢力圏につなぎとめておくことではないか。
Russia’s military intervention plans target the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in southern Ukraine.
ロシアが、軍事介入の準備を進めているのは、ウクライナ南部のクリミア自治共和国だ。
In the Crimea region, residents who identify as Russian account for about 60 percent of the population. The president of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea is friendly to the Russian Federation, and some residents have repeatedly called for Crimea to break off from Ukraine.
クリミアはロシア系住民が全体の約６割を占める。自治共和国首相も親露派で、住民の間からウクライナからの分離を求める声がかねて上がっていた。
Russia has its key Black Sea Fleet stationed in a naval port on the Black Sea. An airport and other installations in the port’s vicinity have already been seized by Russian troops.
黒海沿いの軍港にはロシアの黒海艦隊が駐留している。空港などは既にロシア軍兵士によって占拠されている。
Avoid chaos, bloodshed
Should Russia resort to a full-scale military intervention, it would certainly have an impact not only on Crimea but also the entire eastern and southern regions of Ukraine, where many Russians live. Demands from separatists in those areas would intensify all the more, aggravating the chaos.
ロシアが本格的な軍事介入に踏み切れば、クリミアだけでなく、ロシア系住民の多い東部や南部全体に影響が及ぶのは確実だ。住民の分離要求は一層激しくなり、混乱は拡大しよう。
There are even concerns that the western region of Ukraine, which has tilted in favor of Europe, and the country’s pro-Russia eastern and southern regions could possibly move toward a split.
親欧州的傾向の強い西部と親露的傾向が強い東部・南部が分裂に向かう可能性すら懸念される。
In 2008, Russia made military inroads into Georgia, whose administration was also friendly to the United States and Europe, under the claim of protecting Russian nationals, incurring condemnation from the international community. Moscow must never repeat the same mistake.
ロシアは２００８年に、ウクライナ同様の親欧米政権だったグルジアに自国民保護の名目で武力侵攻し、国際的非難を浴びた。同じ過ちを繰り返してはならない。
It is essential for the international community to step up efforts to ensure that Putin stops short of engaging in military intervention.
国際社会が、軍事介入を思いとどまるよう、プーチン氏への働きかけを強めることが肝要だ。
U.S. President Barack Obama spoke with Putin by telephone on Saturday, expressing his “deep concern” about Russia’s behavior, which he called a “violation of international law.” Although Obama subsequently called for Russia to pull its troops out of Crimea, the talks ended inconclusively.
米国のオバマ大統領は、電話会談で、プーチン氏に対し、ロシアの行動は「国際法違反だ」として「深い懸念」を表明した。その上で、露軍兵士を撤収させるよう求めたが、物別れに終わった。
An emergency session of the U.N. Security Council was convened on Saturday, during which Russia was strongly criticized by ambassadors of various countries.
国連安全保障理事会でも緊急会合が開かれ、各国大使からロシアへの強い非難が相次いだ。
The United States and Canada have indicated they are poised to boycott Moscow’s plans to host a Group of Eight economic summit scheduled for June at Russia’s Black Sea resort of Sochi if Russia intervenes militarily in Ukraine.
米国やカナダは、軍事介入があれば、６月にロシアのソチで行われる主要８か国首脳会議（Ｇ８サミット）をボイコットする構えだ。
The government must carefully consider how to respond to the situation.
日本政府の対応も問われよう。
Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida has made a statement on the matter, calling on all parties involved in the situation in Crimea to “exercise maximum restraint and act responsibly by respecting the rule of law and the territorial integrity” of Ukraine.
岸田外相は、「全ての当事者が法の支配と領土の一体性を尊重し、最大限の自制を発揮するよう求める」との談話を発表した。
Putin is strongly urged to listen to voices from the international community and do his utmost to avoid the chaos and bloodshed that could be brought about by military intervention.
プーチン氏は、国際社会の声に耳を傾け、軍事介入がもたらす混乱と流血を回避すべきである。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, March 3, 2014)
（2014年3月3日02時12分 読売新聞）
Russia’s military intervention in Ukraine is absolutely unacceptable
ウクライナ危機 露の軍事介入は容認できない（3月3日付・読売社説）
The situation in Ukraine has become increasingly tense. There are absolutely no circumstances under which Russia should be allowed to conduct a military intervention in Ukraine.
ウクライナ情勢が緊迫の度を増してきた。ロシアの軍事介入は到底認められない。
Russian President Vladimir Putin submitted a motion Saturday to the upper house of Russia’s parliament to exercise Moscow’s military might in the territory of Ukraine, and obtained the permission of the legislature.
ロシアのプーチン大統領は、ウクライナ領内で軍事力を行使することを上院に提案し、承認を得た。
In seeking parliamentary approval, Putin insisted the plan to send military forces is aimed at “protecting the lives of Russian citizens and military personnel” amid political turmoil until Ukraine is stabilized.
政治が正常化するまで、「ロシアの国民・同胞、ロシア軍要員の安全を守る」のが目的だという。
There are certainly many Russian-speaking residents in Ukraine, which was part of the former Soviet Union. What Russia likely aims to do, however, is put pressure on Ukraine’s new government, which is friendly to the United States and European countries and came into being by ousting a pro-Russia president, with a view to keeping Ukraine in Russia’s sphere of influence.
旧ソ連の一部だったウクライナにロシア系住民が多いのは確かだ。だが、ロシアの狙いは、親露派の大統領を解任して誕生した親欧米政権に圧力をかけて、ウクライナをロシアの勢力圏につなぎとめておくことではないか。
Russia’s military intervention plans target the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in southern Ukraine.
ロシアが、軍事介入の準備を進めているのは、ウクライナ南部のクリミア自治共和国だ。
In the Crimea region, residents who identify as Russian account for about 60 percent of the population. The president of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea is friendly to the Russian Federation, and some residents have repeatedly called for Crimea to break off from Ukraine.
クリミアはロシア系住民が全体の約６割を占める。自治共和国首相も親露派で、住民の間からウクライナからの分離を求める声がかねて上がっていた。
Russia has its key Black Sea Fleet stationed in a naval port on the Black Sea. An airport and other installations in the port’s vicinity have already been seized by Russian troops.
黒海沿いの軍港にはロシアの黒海艦隊が駐留している。空港などは既にロシア軍兵士によって占拠されている。
Avoid chaos, bloodshed
Should Russia resort to a full-scale military intervention, it would certainly have an impact not only on Crimea but also the entire eastern and southern regions of Ukraine, where many Russians live. Demands from separatists in those areas would intensify all the more, aggravating the chaos.
ロシアが本格的な軍事介入に踏み切れば、クリミアだけでなく、ロシア系住民の多い東部や南部全体に影響が及ぶのは確実だ。住民の分離要求は一層激しくなり、混乱は拡大しよう。
There are even concerns that the western region of Ukraine, which has tilted in favor of Europe, and the country’s pro-Russia eastern and southern regions could possibly move toward a split.
親欧州的傾向の強い西部と親露的傾向が強い東部・南部が分裂に向かう可能性すら懸念される。
In 2008, Russia made military inroads into Georgia, whose administration was also friendly to the United States and Europe, under the claim of protecting Russian nationals, incurring condemnation from the international community. Moscow must never repeat the same mistake.
ロシアは２００８年に、ウクライナ同様の親欧米政権だったグルジアに自国民保護の名目で武力侵攻し、国際的非難を浴びた。同じ過ちを繰り返してはならない。
It is essential for the international community to step up efforts to ensure that Putin stops short of engaging in military intervention.
国際社会が、軍事介入を思いとどまるよう、プーチン氏への働きかけを強めることが肝要だ。
U.S. President Barack Obama spoke with Putin by telephone on Saturday, expressing his “deep concern” about Russia’s behavior, which he called a “violation of international law.” Although Obama subsequently called for Russia to pull its troops out of Crimea, the talks ended inconclusively.
米国のオバマ大統領は、電話会談で、プーチン氏に対し、ロシアの行動は「国際法違反だ」として「深い懸念」を表明した。その上で、露軍兵士を撤収させるよう求めたが、物別れに終わった。
An emergency session of the U.N. Security Council was convened on Saturday, during which Russia was strongly criticized by ambassadors of various countries.
国連安全保障理事会でも緊急会合が開かれ、各国大使からロシアへの強い非難が相次いだ。
The United States and Canada have indicated they are poised to boycott Moscow’s plans to host a Group of Eight economic summit scheduled for June at Russia’s Black Sea resort of Sochi if Russia intervenes militarily in Ukraine.
米国やカナダは、軍事介入があれば、６月にロシアのソチで行われる主要８か国首脳会議（Ｇ８サミット）をボイコットする構えだ。
The government must carefully consider how to respond to the situation.
日本政府の対応も問われよう。
Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida has made a statement on the matter, calling on all parties involved in the situation in Crimea to “exercise maximum restraint and act responsibly by respecting the rule of law and the territorial integrity” of Ukraine.
岸田外相は、「全ての当事者が法の支配と領土の一体性を尊重し、最大限の自制を発揮するよう求める」との談話を発表した。
Putin is strongly urged to listen to voices from the international community and do his utmost to avoid the chaos and bloodshed that could be brought about by military intervention.
プーチン氏は、国際社会の声に耳を傾け、軍事介入がもたらす混乱と流血を回避すべきである。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, March 3, 2014)
（2014年3月3日02時12分 読売新聞）
2014/03/04
ビットコイン 仮想通貨の危うさが見えた
The Yomiuri Shimbun March 02, 2014
Bitcoin exchange collapse highlights virtual currency’s lack of protection
ビットコイン 仮想通貨の危うさが見えた（3月2日付・読売社説）
Risks involving the bitcoin virtual currency, which is traded on the Internet but lacks state-backed credibility, has been thrown into the spotlight.
国の信用という裏付けを持たない「仮想通貨」の危うさをさらけ出したと言えよう。
Mt. Gox, the operator of a major bitcoin exchange based in Tokyo, has gone bankrupt.
インターネット上の仮想通貨「ビットコイン（ＢＴＣ）」の大手取引サイトを運営するマウントゴックス社（東京）が、経営破綻した。
Almost all bitcoins belonging to Mt. Gox’s customers are presumed to have been fraudulently withdrawn by some unknown person or persons, resulting in an excess of liabilities over assets, the exchange said. The damage is said to total about 850,000 bitcoins (equivalent to about ¥11.4 billion), including Mt. Gox’s own store of the virtual currency.
利用者から預かっていたビットコインが、何者かによって不正に引き出され、債務超過に陥ったためとしている。被害は同社の保有分も含め８５万ＢＴＣ（約１１４億円）にのぼるという。
We are astounded that such a huge sum of bitcoins has vanished like a puff of smoke.
巨額のコインが煙のように消えてしまったのが事実とすれば、驚きを禁じ得ない。
The exchange operator said a hacker or hackers exploited vulnerabilities in the firm’s software system. It said there is a great possibility the bitcoins were stolen.
同社はシステム上の弱点をハッカーに突かれ、コインを奪われた可能性が高いと説明している。
Mt. Gox’s explanations are highly suspicious, such as its argument that as much as ¥2.8 billion in cash deposited by its customers has also disappeared. Thorough investigations must be carried out to clarify what happened.
だが、顧客から預かった現金２８億円も消えるなど不可解な点は残る。徹底した実態解明が必要だ。
Bitcoins are useful as they can be transacted freely around the world via the Internet, and are not subject to control by any country. However, unlike ordinary currency, bitcoins are unprotected because they are not regulated by any monetary authority. It seems that no measures can be taken that would help the firm’s customers recover their money.
ビットコインは国家の統制を受けず、世界で自由に取引できる利点がある。一方、通常のお金と違い、どの国の金融当局からも規制を受けず、保護の枠外にある。被害の救済は困難だろう。
Even in the United States, where the use of bitcoins has been rapidly spreading, Federal Reserve Board Chairwoman Janet Yellen said in testimony before the Senate Banking Committee on Thursday, “This is a payment innovation that’s taking place entirely outside the banking industry.”
普及の進む米国でさえ、米連邦準備制度理事会（ＦＲＢ）のイエレン議長がビットコインを巡る混乱について「銀行決済の枠外で起きている。
She said the Fed lacks the ability to supervise and regulate exchanges between bitcoins and banks as “there is no intersection at all, in any way.”
ＦＲＢに監督や規制の権限がない」と述べている。
Act responsibly amid risk
The value of bitcoins soared sharply last year, with the outstanding balance at one time exceeding an equivalent of ¥1 trillion in the global virtual currency community.
ビットコインは昨年、価格が急騰して、一時は全世界で１兆円超の残高に膨らんだ。
With increasing fears over possible erratic fluctuations of bitcoins, along with warnings from analysts pointing to potential money-laundering and other criminal uses of virtual currency, the Bank of Japan has been researching and investigating bitcoin exchange services.
乱高下への警戒感が強まり、資金洗浄など犯罪への悪用といった弊害も指摘されたことから、日銀は調査・研究を進めていた。
Most victims of the bitcoin scandal are believed to be non-Japanese, but as the website of the Tokyo-based bitcoin exchange operator is at the center of the trouble, both the government and the central bank will probably have to deal with the issue in earnest.
被害を受けた利用者のほとんどは外国人と見られるが、東京に拠点のある業者の取引サイトが問題を起こした以上、政府と日銀も対応に本腰を入れざるを得まい。
Finance Minister Taro Aso, who is also in charge of financial services, said Friday, “I was thinking it [Mt. Gox] would collapse eventually...but it came earlier than I thought, and we will take prompt [countermeasures].” The government should waste no time in preventing a recurrence of bitcoin irregularities, and regulate the virtual currency in close cooperation with other countries concerned.
麻生財務・金融相は「どこかで破綻すると思っていたが、意外に早かった。早急に（対策を）詰める」との考えを示した。関係国と緊密に連携し、再発防止策や規制に関する検討を急ぐべきだ。
Despite the collapse of the major bitcoin exchange, transactions using the digital currency are continuing on the Internet. This is largely because bitcoins allow users to make remittances globally for small fees.
大手取引サイトが破綻したというのに、ネット上ではビットコインの取引が続いている。安い手数料で全世界に送金できるといったメリットがあるからだろう。
There are fears, however, that other malicious hackers are waiting in the wings to find the next bitcoin target. Bitcoin exchange services operators are strongly urged to take stringent steps to guard against unauthorized access to their computer systems.
ただし、悪質なハッカーが、次の標的を狙っている恐れがある。ビットコインのサービスを提供する業者は、不正アクセスの防護などを徹底する責務がある。
Bitcoin users, for their part, should be aware that the virtual currency has no guarantee and protection based on public credibility, so they should act responsibly.
利用者も、公的な信用の裏付けや保護のない現状をきちんと理解し、自己責任を肝に銘じてもらわなければならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, March 2, 2014)
（2014年3月2日01時33分 読売新聞）
Bitcoin exchange collapse highlights virtual currency’s lack of protection
ビットコイン 仮想通貨の危うさが見えた（3月2日付・読売社説）
Risks involving the bitcoin virtual currency, which is traded on the Internet but lacks state-backed credibility, has been thrown into the spotlight.
国の信用という裏付けを持たない「仮想通貨」の危うさをさらけ出したと言えよう。
Mt. Gox, the operator of a major bitcoin exchange based in Tokyo, has gone bankrupt.
インターネット上の仮想通貨「ビットコイン（ＢＴＣ）」の大手取引サイトを運営するマウントゴックス社（東京）が、経営破綻した。
Almost all bitcoins belonging to Mt. Gox’s customers are presumed to have been fraudulently withdrawn by some unknown person or persons, resulting in an excess of liabilities over assets, the exchange said. The damage is said to total about 850,000 bitcoins (equivalent to about ¥11.4 billion), including Mt. Gox’s own store of the virtual currency.
利用者から預かっていたビットコインが、何者かによって不正に引き出され、債務超過に陥ったためとしている。被害は同社の保有分も含め８５万ＢＴＣ（約１１４億円）にのぼるという。
We are astounded that such a huge sum of bitcoins has vanished like a puff of smoke.
巨額のコインが煙のように消えてしまったのが事実とすれば、驚きを禁じ得ない。
The exchange operator said a hacker or hackers exploited vulnerabilities in the firm’s software system. It said there is a great possibility the bitcoins were stolen.
同社はシステム上の弱点をハッカーに突かれ、コインを奪われた可能性が高いと説明している。
Mt. Gox’s explanations are highly suspicious, such as its argument that as much as ¥2.8 billion in cash deposited by its customers has also disappeared. Thorough investigations must be carried out to clarify what happened.
だが、顧客から預かった現金２８億円も消えるなど不可解な点は残る。徹底した実態解明が必要だ。
Bitcoins are useful as they can be transacted freely around the world via the Internet, and are not subject to control by any country. However, unlike ordinary currency, bitcoins are unprotected because they are not regulated by any monetary authority. It seems that no measures can be taken that would help the firm’s customers recover their money.
ビットコインは国家の統制を受けず、世界で自由に取引できる利点がある。一方、通常のお金と違い、どの国の金融当局からも規制を受けず、保護の枠外にある。被害の救済は困難だろう。
Even in the United States, where the use of bitcoins has been rapidly spreading, Federal Reserve Board Chairwoman Janet Yellen said in testimony before the Senate Banking Committee on Thursday, “This is a payment innovation that’s taking place entirely outside the banking industry.”
普及の進む米国でさえ、米連邦準備制度理事会（ＦＲＢ）のイエレン議長がビットコインを巡る混乱について「銀行決済の枠外で起きている。
She said the Fed lacks the ability to supervise and regulate exchanges between bitcoins and banks as “there is no intersection at all, in any way.”
ＦＲＢに監督や規制の権限がない」と述べている。
Act responsibly amid risk
The value of bitcoins soared sharply last year, with the outstanding balance at one time exceeding an equivalent of ¥1 trillion in the global virtual currency community.
ビットコインは昨年、価格が急騰して、一時は全世界で１兆円超の残高に膨らんだ。
With increasing fears over possible erratic fluctuations of bitcoins, along with warnings from analysts pointing to potential money-laundering and other criminal uses of virtual currency, the Bank of Japan has been researching and investigating bitcoin exchange services.
乱高下への警戒感が強まり、資金洗浄など犯罪への悪用といった弊害も指摘されたことから、日銀は調査・研究を進めていた。
Most victims of the bitcoin scandal are believed to be non-Japanese, but as the website of the Tokyo-based bitcoin exchange operator is at the center of the trouble, both the government and the central bank will probably have to deal with the issue in earnest.
被害を受けた利用者のほとんどは外国人と見られるが、東京に拠点のある業者の取引サイトが問題を起こした以上、政府と日銀も対応に本腰を入れざるを得まい。
Finance Minister Taro Aso, who is also in charge of financial services, said Friday, “I was thinking it [Mt. Gox] would collapse eventually...but it came earlier than I thought, and we will take prompt [countermeasures].” The government should waste no time in preventing a recurrence of bitcoin irregularities, and regulate the virtual currency in close cooperation with other countries concerned.
麻生財務・金融相は「どこかで破綻すると思っていたが、意外に早かった。早急に（対策を）詰める」との考えを示した。関係国と緊密に連携し、再発防止策や規制に関する検討を急ぐべきだ。
Despite the collapse of the major bitcoin exchange, transactions using the digital currency are continuing on the Internet. This is largely because bitcoins allow users to make remittances globally for small fees.
大手取引サイトが破綻したというのに、ネット上ではビットコインの取引が続いている。安い手数料で全世界に送金できるといったメリットがあるからだろう。
There are fears, however, that other malicious hackers are waiting in the wings to find the next bitcoin target. Bitcoin exchange services operators are strongly urged to take stringent steps to guard against unauthorized access to their computer systems.
ただし、悪質なハッカーが、次の標的を狙っている恐れがある。ビットコインのサービスを提供する業者は、不正アクセスの防護などを徹底する責務がある。
Bitcoin users, for their part, should be aware that the virtual currency has no guarantee and protection based on public credibility, so they should act responsibly.
利用者も、公的な信用の裏付けや保護のない現状をきちんと理解し、自己責任を肝に銘じてもらわなければならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, March 2, 2014)
（2014年3月2日01時33分 読売新聞）
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